it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
(not) well; (not) properly; (not) enough; (not) sufficiently; (not) satisfactorily; (not) decently
flavour; flavor; taste; charm; appeal; interest
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
bad (taste); unpalatable; poor; unskillful; ugly; unattractive
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to make fun of; to look down on; to make light of
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
consent; assent; agreement; understanding; comprehension; grasp
amount necessary to fill a container (e.g. cupful, spoonful, etc.); drink (usu. alcoholic); full; one squid, octopus, crab, etc.; one boat; fully; to capacity
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
genuine article; real thing; real deal
what is it (that); the meaning of something; what something is about
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
skillful; skilful; delicious; appetizing; fortunate; splendid
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
with the exception of; excepting; excluding
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
pleasant smell; aroma; fragrance; pleasant-smelling vegetation
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
welcome!; nice to see you!