jpdb beta

excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you

1

cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat

6

yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?

10

(imperial) reign; period

5

river; stream; River; the ... river

5

if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question

29

to say; to be called; to do

2

a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago

1

until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to

4

(another's) daughter; young lady

1

to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become

12

the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...

35

hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo

48

here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...

5

at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for

75

ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah

2

say; well; um; er

9

daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)

4

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

144

class

3

children

3

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

71

today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays

3

then; well; so; be; is

7

why?; what for?; how?; by what means?

4

ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only

2

oyakodon; chicken and egg on rice; threesome including a mother and her daughter

7

to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on

16

only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to

4

be; is

12

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

52

how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way

6

come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see

2

that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you

3

indicates supposition; if ... then; when; (typically after someone's name) indicates exasperation

2

this sort of; this kind of; like this; such

3

drift (of snow, leaves, etc.); hangout for social dropouts

4

-like; sort of; similar to; resembling

3

place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point

3

from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)

19

to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)

2

this area; around here; this point; this much; this extent

1

bad; poor; inferior; delinquent; hoodlum; hooligan

1

and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...

7

fallen scraps; scatterings; leftovers; remainder; student who cannot keep up in school; dropout (from school, society, a movement, etc.)

1

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)

47

to gather; to collect; to assemble

1

place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament

1

after all; because; but; even; too; as well

5

be; is; did; (have) done; please; do

9