indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
not holding on; not using the hands; letting go one's hold; lack of reserve (in expressing one's emotions); lack of restraint; openly (saying)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
keeping a domestic animal beyond its useful life; keeping a person on the payroll without utilizing their skills
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
two persons; two people; pair; couple
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
seeming; giving the appearance of; giving one the feeling of
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
cohabitation (usu. of a romantically involved couple); living together
indicates concession or compromise; indicates permission
parent; parents; dealer (in cards, mahjong, etc.); banker; founder; inventor; (pet) owner
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be lucky; to be in luck; to be attached; to have; to be included
it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
honest; frank; candid; honestly; frankly
to be sad; to mourn for; to regret
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
he; she; that person; (arch.) you