indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
in that way; thus; so; so?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
please (give me); please (do for me)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
thank you for your hard work; good work; see you; goodbye; goodnight
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
honorific/polite/humble prefix
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others