cattle (Bos taurus); cow; beef; Chinese "Ox" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
any red algae in the family Gelidiaceae (esp. Gelidium crinale)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
graduate student; insei; apprentice go professional
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
crane (any bird of the family Gruidae, esp. the red-crowned crane, Grus japonensis)
circle; entirety; whole; money; dough; enclosure inside a castle's walls; soft-shelled turtle
professor; teaching; instruction
laboratory; seminar room; professor's office
highly virtuous monk; monk; Buddhist solitary; Buddhist missionary; saint (i.e. a virtuous person); (arch.) emperor; master
How do you do?; I am glad to meet you
Franckenstein; Frankenstein
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
contacting; (making) contact; connection (with a train, bus, etc.); joining (a railway line, etc.); connection (between matters, incidents, etc.); relation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out to; to hail; to address; to appeal
... is the reason; ... is my excuse
is it?; isn't it?; be; is
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry