at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
truancy; school non-attendance
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young woman; young (animal); offshoot
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
(not) even once; (not) ever
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
to watch over; to keep watch over; to keep an eye on; to watch intently; to stare; to gaze
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
looking on; standing by and watching; sitting back and watching; remaining a spectator
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
how much; something over; and something; however (much); no matter how
great; excellent; distinguished; important; awful; terrible
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to say; to spatter; to prate; to prattle; to babble
to rescue (someone); to save; to help (out of a difficulty); to save (spiritually); to redeem (from sin); to deliver (from suffering, distress, etc.)
hour; o'clock; (specified) time; when ...; during ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
(apparently) that's what it's like, isn't it; that sort of (thing mentioned immediately prior)
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that ...