indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
such; this sort of; like this
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
nothing but; except; no more than
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to notice; to realize; to realise; to regain consciousness; to come to (one's senses); to come round
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
good(-tasting); nice; delicious; attractive (offer, opportunity, etc.); appealing; convenient
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
since then; from that time; ever since
calm; quiet; gentle; moderate; reasonable; amicable
to spend (time); to pass; to overdo (esp. alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); to take care of; to support
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
devising (a way); contriving; device; design; dedication to spiritual improvement (esp. through Zen meditation)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to reach the point where ...; to come to ...; to come to be that ...; to start to ...; to begin to ...
liking; being fond of; liking (romantically); being in love with; faddism; eccentricity
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to like; to love; to be fond of
book; volume; this; present; main; head; real
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
to borrow; to rent; to hire; to make use of (another's help, wisdom, etc.); to obtain; to use (for another purpose)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
continuation; rest (of the story, work, etc.); flow (e.g. of a piece of writing); pacing (of a story); succession (of); sequence
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
then; well; so; well then