pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
oneself; oneself; for oneself; personally
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
one part; one portion; one section; one copy (e.g. of a document)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
offer; tender; providing; sponsoring (a TV program)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yikes!; eek!; ook; eek; customer
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
bloodthirsty killer; cold-blooded murderer; homicidal maniac
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to slip out; to sneak away; to break into the lead; to get ahead; to begin to fall out (e.g. hair); to break out (of a loop)
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
internal organs; intestines; viscera
to pull out; to draw out; to omit; to leave out; to do to the end; to carry through; to let out (e.g. air from a tyre)
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
compact disk; CD; cash dispenser; (negotiable) certificate of deposit
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)