mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
to call for somebody; to come for someone; to pick someone up
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
story; tale; talk; discussion
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
tightly (hold, squeeze, etc.); firmly; forcefully (e.g. push); hard
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to bend; to curve; to turn; to be awry; to be askew
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
pleasant feeling; good vibes
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
police; police officer; police station
by means of; due to; because of; according to
arrest; apprehension; capture
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
eldest son (may be the only son); first-born son
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
to throw violently against; to slam against; to strike; to thrust at someone (e.g. a letter)
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
death; mortality; to die; to pass away
doubt; question; uncertainty; skepticism; scepticism; suspicion
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
discovery; detection; finding
hour; o'clock; (specified) time; when ...; during ...
average; mean; balance; equilibrium