tachibana orange (Citrus tachibana)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
scenery; scene; landscape; scene (e.g. of a crime)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
good(-tasting); nice; delicious; attractive (offer, opportunity, etc.); appealing; convenient
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
flavor; flavour; charm; appeal; experience; taste (e.g. of victory)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
memories; recollections; reminiscence
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
continuously; the whole time; much (more); (by) far; far (away); long (ago, before, after)
difference; distinction; discrepancy; mistake; error
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
fat; fatty; grand; magnificent; excellent
Qin dynasty (of China; 221-207 BCE); Ch'in dynasty
movie; film; motion picture
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
place; location; room; space; sumo tournament
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
clapping hands; applause; clapping one's hands in prayer (at a shrine)
woman; female; feminine gender
yikes; oops; eep; wow; aargh
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
photograph; photo; picture; moving picture; movie
to take (a photograph); to record (audio or video); to film; to shoot
please (give me); please (do for me)
to succeed; to relieve; to take the place of; to substitute for; to be exchanged; to change (places with)
hyah!; hah!; there!; ugh!; argh!; damn it!
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good