Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
please (give me); please (do for me)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
for oneself; for one's own sake; on one's own account
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to part (usu. of people); to part from; to separate (of a couple); to break up; to lose (e.g. one's mother); to be bereaved
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
ball (for sport, games, etc.); kemari; type of football played by courtiers in ancient Japan
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
now; the present time; just now; another; more
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
irresponsible; perfunctory; lukewarm; half-baked; reasonable; moderate
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
to chase; to run after; to pursue
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
myself; yourself; I; me; you
how; in what way; how about
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
chime; bell (e.g. doorbell)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
sorry; excuse me; thank you
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up