indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
cry (e.g. of a baby); sob; whine; tearful voice; weepy voice
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
(place) near by; (place) close by; (place) right next to; as soon as; right after
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
to raise; to elevate; to move something (to a higher place); to put onto (e.g. a shelf); to increase (price, quality, status, etc.); to raise (a wage); to show someone (into a room)
please (give me); please (do for me)
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
continuously; the whole time; much (more); (by) far; far (away); long (ago, before, after)
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
nothing but; except; no more than
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
(one's) older sister; (one's) elder sister; girl
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
coating (esp. lacquering)
past; after; too (much); over- (e.g. eating)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
the other day; lately; recently
sneakily; secretly; stealthily; on the sly
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo