society; the world; the times
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
wonderful; marvelous; strange; strangely enough; oddly enough; for some reason
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
story; tale; talk; discussion
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
family; members of a family
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
papa; dad; daddy; sugar daddy
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to doubt; to distrust; to be suspicious of; to suspect
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to betray; to turn traitor to; to double-cross
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
young; youthful; immature; green; low (number); small
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
misunderstanding; mistaken idea; wrong guess
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
wheat; barley; oat (oats)
fat; fatty; grand; magnificent; excellent
nth son; lang; official title in ancient China; (arch.) man; (arch.) young man; (arch.) my husband
woman; female; feminine gender
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
alone; by oneself; on one's own
going in and out; entering and exiting; visiting regularly; frequenting; income and expenditure; incomings and outgoings; increase and decrease
bad (taste); unpalatable; poor; unskillful; ugly; unattractive
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...