telephone call; phone call; telephone (device); phone
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
knock; knocking; fungo hitting; hitting balls for fielding practice
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to fall ill; to suffer from (e.g. a disease); to have something wrong with (e.g. an inner organ)
last night; yesterday evening
centre; center; middle; capital; seat of government
ward; borough; city (in Tokyo); district (e.g. electoral); section; zone (e.g. postal)
condominium (usu. mid or high-rise); apartment building; apartment house; block of flats; apartment; flat
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
living by oneself; living alone
woman; female; feminine gender
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
near oneself; close to one; familiar
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to destroy; to demolish; to disturb; to put into disorder; to relax (one's pose); to make oneself at ease; to break (a bill)
testimony; (verbal) evidence
to come out; to appear; to turn up; to emerge
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
company; corporation; workplace
tax counsellor; tax counselor; licensed tax accountant
family; members of a family
(together) with; -wide; including