telephone call; phone call; telephone (device); phone
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
knock; knocking; fungo hitting; hitting balls for fielding practice; tap; click (e.g. of a retractable pen or mechanical pencil)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to fall ill; to suffer from (e.g. a disease); to have something wrong with (e.g. an inner organ); to be depressed; to feel down
last night; yesterday evening
centre; center; middle; capital; seat of government
ward; borough; city (in Tokyo); district (e.g. electoral); section; zone (e.g. postal)
condominium (usu. mid or high-rise); apartment building; apartment house; block of flats; apartment; flat
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
... years old; age (of) ...
living by oneself; living alone
woman; female; feminine gender
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
near oneself; close to one; familiar
this sort of; this type of
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to destroy; to demolish; to disturb; to put into disorder; to relax (one's pose); to make oneself at ease; to break (a bill)
testimony; (verbal) evidence
to come out; to appear; to turn up; to go out for a while
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
company; corporation; firm; one's workplace
tax counsellor; tax counselor; licensed tax accountant
the old days; the past; former times; the past ten years; the past decade
including (all of); -wide (e.g. company-wide); with (everyone); (concerning) the entirety of; all of