indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
lightning; thunder; god of thunder; god of lightning; anger; fit of anger
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to sound; to ring; to resound; to echo; to roar; to rumble
granny; grandma; gran; old lady; old woman
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
disliking; not wanting; unpleasant; disagreeable; no!; quit it!
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to leave; to go away; to pass; to elapse; to be distant; to send away; to drive off
-ian (e.g. Italian); -ite (e.g. Tokyoite); -er (e.g. performer, etc.); person working with ...; man; person
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
another place; some other place; another (person or thing); other; beyond (one's expectations, imagination, etc.); outside
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
to breathe (heavily); to pant; to gasp; to live
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
(police) detective; criminal matter
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
crime; sin; penalty; sentence; fault; responsibility
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
to be noticeable; to notice; to catch one's eye
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
eager; earnest; strenuous; fervent; assiduous; with utmost effort
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use