Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
straight; directly; voyage; journey; straight road
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
many; numerous; various; large number of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
test; trial; probation; ordeal; tribulation
to climb over; to get over; to surmount; to overcome; to surpass; to overtake
Nakasendo (Edo-period Edo-Kyoto highway)
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
high steward; grand master
both (hands, parents, sides, etc.); counter for carriages (e.g. in a train); counter for vehicles; ryō; tael; ryō; pre-Meiji unit of currency, orig. the value of one ryō of gold
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
to desire; to wish; to beg; to request; to have something done for oneself
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
journey; trip; travels; during the journey; on the way; while travelling
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
your home; your family; their home; (my) home
capture; takeover; hijack; skyjacking
to scheme; to plan; to play a trick; to invent; to conspire; to frame up
snare; trap (for catching wild game, etc.); trap (i.e. ruse, subterfuge, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to start; to begin; to challenge; to pick (a fight); to set (traps); to plant (explosives)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
plot; scheme; trick; design; intrigue; artifice
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
feudal lord; (arch.) mansion; (arch.) palace
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
certainly; surely; definitely
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
walking; pace; step; course (of history, one's life, etc.); history; pitch (of a screw, etc.)
to advance; to move forward; to carry forward (plans, work, etc.); to proceed with; to raise; to elevate
arrowhead; target of a flying arrow; brunt (of an attack); the very moment (when); the point (of doing)
Mino (former province located in the south of present-day Gifu Prefecture)
ninth day of the month; nine days
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice