suddenly; all of a sudden
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lose (through death) (e.g. wife, child)
Mino (former province located in the south of present-day Gifu Prefecture)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
shogunal vassal; direct retainer of a shogun
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
daimyo's alternating Edo residence; official attendance service (by a daimyo in the Edo period)
conduct of business; management; acting as agent (of a land owner, house owner, etc.); being in charge (of a house, etc.)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
straight; directly; voyage; journey; straight road
honorific/polite/humble prefix
pardon; forgiveness; exemption; permission
to write down; to note; to jot down; to remember
inherited; family (heirloom); ancestral
book; document; calligraphy (esp. Chinese); penmanship; handwriting; letter
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
to step forward; to step forth; to advance; to start; to embark on; to set forth on
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
your home; your family; their home; (my) home
capture; takeover; hijack; skyjacking
plot; intrigue; scheme; conspiracy; agreement between two or more people to commit an unlawful act
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
party; group; troop; one act; one action; one deed
third day of the month; three days
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
great (i.e. great-grandson, great-grandmother)
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop
prison; jail; gaol; firm; solid; strong
lodging; inn; house; home; home of a servant's parents (or guarantor, etc.)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to come near; to approach; to be on the verge of; to be about to; to overhang; to hang over
armpit; under one's arm; beside; close to; aside; to the side; off-track
to stand aside; to step to the side; to move aside