suddenly; all of a sudden; unexpectedly
father; father (e.g. of a discipline); pioneer (e.g. of field of research); God; Father
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lose (through death; e.g. a wife, child)
Mino (former province located in the south of present-day Gifu Prefecture)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
headquarters (on the battlefield); direct retainer of a shogun (Edo period); shogunal vassal; hatamoto
daimyo's alternating Edo residence; official attendance service (by a daimyo in the Edo period)
conduct of business; management; acting as agent (of a land owner, house owner, etc.); being in charge (of a house, etc.)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
straight; directly; voyage; journey; straight road
honorific/polite/humble prefix
pardon; forgiveness; exemption; permission
to write down; to note down; to mention; to describe; to inscribe; to mark
inherited; family (heirloom); ancestral
book; document; calligraphy (esp. Chinese); penmanship; handwriting; letter
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Edo (shogunate capital; former name of Tokyo); Yedo
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
to step forward; to step forth; to advance; to start; to embark on; to set forth on
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
your home; your family; their home; (my) home
takeover (of a company, etc.); hijacking
plot; intrigue; scheme; conspiracy
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
party; group; troop; one act; one action; one deed
3rd day of the month; three days
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
tree; shrub; wood; timber; wooden clappers (signalling the beginning or end of a performance)
great (i.e. great-grandson, great-grandmother)
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop; knight (court card in mekuri karuta and unsun karuta)
prison; jail; gaol; firm; solid; strong
lodging; inn; house; home; home of a servant's parents (or guarantor, etc.)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to come near (to); to approach; to be on the verge of; to be about to reach (a stage, period, etc.); to overhang; to hang over
armpit; under one's arm; beside; close to; aside; to the side; off-track
to stand aside; to step to the side; to move aside