indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
cannot be undone; can't be recovered from
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
chance; start; cue; excuse; motive; impetus
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
home area; home town; local
young motorcycle-riding delinquents; bōsōzoku
company; lot; bunch; troupe; company (of musicians)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to behave violently; to commit violence; to use force
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
whole life; a lifetime; all through life; (the only, the greatest, etc.) of one's life
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
wound; injury; chip; crack; flaw; defect
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
regarding; in; to; towards; with regards to
retaliation; revenge; reprisal; retorsion; retortion
leader; reader; reading book; reader (i.e. someone who reads); microreader; dotted line (in printing)
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
motorcycle; motorbike; bicycle
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
exactly; precisely; closely; tightly; properly; without fail
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to settle a matter; to get even with someone
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
spy; special agent; covert operative
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do