indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
children's home; child care institution; orphanage
boss; leader; head; boss (difficult enemy, usu. at the end of a section or level)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to glide; to slide (e.g. on skis); to fail (an examination); to bomb (when telling a joke); to drop; to go down
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
hindrance; obstacle; to visit (someone's home); demon who hinders Buddhist training; demon who obstructs sentient beings from maintaining moral behaviour
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to put something out of the way; to move (something, someone) aside
boy; son; baby boy; young man
please remember me; please help me; please treat me well; please do; please take care of
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
lively; full of spirit; energetic; healthy; well; fit
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to connect; to link together; to tie; to fasten; to maintain; to preserve
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
these days; nowadays; now; at present; recently; lately
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
birth; giving birth; creating; bringing into the world
parent; parents; dealer (in cards, mahjong, etc.); banker; founder; inventor; (pet) owner
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
to call for somebody; to come for someone; to pick someone up
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
foster parent; foster parents; (pet) caretaker
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)