indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
father; dad; husband; you; he
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
all; entire; whole; altogether
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
dealt hand consisting of one 20-point card and six 1-point cards; outstanding; standing out above the rest
here I am; I'm home!; presently; right away; right now
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
well; properly; best regards; please remember me; just like ...; as though one were ...
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
occasion; time; section (of a literary work); paragraph; season; term; principle
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
feeling; sense; impression
fairy tale; fairy story; nursery tale
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
reality; actuality; hard fact
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...