indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to betray; to turn traitor (to); to double-cross; to disappoint; to let down
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
father; dad; papa; pa; pop; daddy
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
like this; in this way; as you see
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
skip it; drop it; I've had enough (e.g. when offered something); that's enough
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
suffix for familiar person
thereupon; shortly thereafter
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
railway crossing; railroad crossing; starting line; scratch; determination; stepping over the edge of the ring
father; father (e.g. of a discipline); pioneer (e.g. of field of research); God; Father
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
red; crimson; scarlet; Red; communist
to cry; to shed tears; to suffer (from); to be troubled (by); to accept (an unreasonable request, loss, etc.); to do reluctantly
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
don't you think?; indicates question
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
passing through (a tunnel, station, town, etc.); passing by (e.g. of a typhoon); passage (of a bill, e.g. through parliament); carriage; passing (an examination, inspection, etc.); clearing
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
to cough violently; to have a coughing fit