indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
father; dad; husband; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); he
wife; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); trimmings; accompaniment; side (remark)
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
(not) in any way; in no way; at all; terribly; awfully; hopelessly
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
liking; being fond of; liking (romantically); being in love with; faddism; eccentricity
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
both; both sides; both parties
having at one's mercy; trifling with; toying with; playing with; making a fool of; leading around by the nose
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
least; lowest; worst; awful; horrible; at the very least
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
he; she; that person; (arch.) you
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
father; dad; papa; pa; pop; daddy
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
breakdown (of talks, negotiations, etc.); breaking off; rupture
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
friend; ally; supporter; taking sides (with); supporting; standing by
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
to go smoothly; to turn out well; to do the trick; to have peaceful relations
your husband; her husband
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
finding employment; getting a job
to cancel; to withdraw; to retract; to take back (words, etc.); to revoke