law (esp. ancient East Asian criminal code); regulation; vinaya (rules for the monastic community); Ritsu (school of Buddhism); lüshi (style of Chinese poem); (musical) pitch; six odd-numbered notes of the ancient chromatic scale
mum; mom; mummy; the missus
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
treasure; treasured item; prized possession
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
another (person); the other person; one more (person)
to throw away; to cast away; to abandon; to desert; to give up; to resign
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
difference between night and day; world of difference; (being) poles apart; (lit.) difference between heaven and earth
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
how; in what way; how about
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
evil deed; wrongdoing; crime; misfortune; calamity
to take part in (usu. something bad); to be a party to; to have a hand in
pitiful; unfortunate; poor; unpardonable; regrettable
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to be affected; to be influenced; to be concerned with; to have to do with; to stick to (opinions)
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)