pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
tranquil; calm; restful; peaceful; quiet
(way of) life; lifestyle; living; life circumstances; livelihood; day-to-day life
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
complete change; about-face
occurrence; happening; incident; event
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
wife; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); trimmings; accompaniment; side (remark)
death; (an) out; death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation; most severe of the five ritsuryō punishments)
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lose; to miss (a chance, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
reason; cause; meaning; sense; (good) sense; reason
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
life; living; livelihood; (one's) living
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
inside this; in this; in here; among these; of this group; out of these
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
boy; (male) servant; bastard; bitch; you
master (of a house, shop, etc.); husband; sir; boss; patron of a mistress, geisha, bar or nightclub hostess; sugar daddy
accident; incident; trouble; circumstances; reasons
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm