tranquil; calm; restful; peaceful; quiet
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(way of) life; living; livelihood; life circumstances
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
complete change; about-face
incident; affair; happening; event
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
death; decease; (arch.) death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation); (an) out
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lose; to miss (a change, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
family; members of a family
accident; incident; trouble; circumstances; reasons
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
only; merely; but; no more than
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
among these; between these; of these; in here; in this
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
something broad and flat; common; ordinary; low-ranking employee; freshman
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
secret; secrecy; mystery; secret (e.g. to success); esoteric teachings
(arch.) boy (sometimes derog.); you
master (of a house, shop, etc.); husband; sir; boss; patron of a mistress, geisha, bar or nightclub hostess; sugar daddy
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do