indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to rescue from; to help out of; to save
honorific/polite/humble prefix
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
really; truly; indeed; good grief
assimilation; absorption; adaptation; assimilation; anabolism; assimilation (phonology)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
before long; soon; almost; nearly; finally; in the end
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
offender; criminal; culprit
to be suspected (of); to be under suspicion (of)
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
innocence; guiltlessness; absence of the fact; insubstantiality; (arch.) insincerity; (arch.) dishonesty
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
original; unique; distinctive; independent; one's own; personal
investigation; examination; inquiry; enquiry; survey
to advance; to move forward; to carry forward (plans, work, etc.); to proceed with; to raise; to elevate
independence; self-reliance; independence (e.g. of a nation); freedom; separation; isolation
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
national border; provincial border