any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
detective; investigator; sleuth; detective work; secret investigation
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
now; the present time; just now; another; more
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
composition; piece of music; tune; melody; enjoyment; fun
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
to abbreviate; to omit; to take; to capture
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to become frightened; to be frightened (of); to be scared (of)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
change of pace; change of mood; (mental) break (e.g. going for a walk); refreshment
to bend; to curve; to turn; to be awry; to be askew
river; stream; River; the ... river
small stream; brooklet; murmuring (as of a stream)
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to be packed (with); to be full (space, schedule, etc.); to be blocked (road, pipe, nose, etc.); to be clogged; to shorten (width, interval, etc.); to shrink (shirt, word form, etc.); to be at a loss
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity