this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to anyone; to everyone; by anyone; by everyone; in everyone; in anyone
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
Minister of War (Zhou-dynasty China)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to dream (i.e. while asleep); to have a dream; to dream (of the future); to have a fleeting experience
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
photograph; photo; picture; moving picture; movie
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
thunder; thunderclap; crash of thunder
hello (e.g. on phone); excuse me! (when calling out to someone)
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
time; hour; period; class
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
(some) more; even more; longer; further
slowly; unhurriedly; easily (e.g. in time); well; well (e.g. sleep); comfortably
to talk; to chat; to chatter
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
stairs; stairway; staircase
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
anyhow; at any rate; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking; in any case
to calm down; to compose oneself; to calm down; to settle down; to settle down (in a location, job, etc.); to settle in; to be settled