Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to recognize; to recognise; to deem; to judge; to approve; to deem acceptable; to admit
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
be supposed or expected to (do); be sure to (do); ought to (do)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
leaving a decision to someone else (often of a meal to be selected by the chef); omakase
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be delighted; to be glad; to congratulate; to gratefully accept
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid
what's the matter?; what's wrong?
to that extent; to that degree; so much; so
opposition; resistance; antagonism; reverse; opposite; inverse
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah