indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
eternity; perpetuity; permanence; immortality
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
love; affection; attachment; craving; agape; Ireland
garden; orchard; park; place; world; environment
Middle Ages (in Japan esp. the Kamakura and Muromachi periods); medieval times; mediaeval times
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
in this way; like this; this (much); so; uh; er
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
desire; wish; request; entreaty; prayer; (written) application
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to load (a gun, etc.); to charge; to put into (e.g. emotion, effort); to include (e.g. tax in a sales price); to hang over; to shroud
to raise; to rear; to train; to teach; to promote the growth of; to nurture
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
honorific/polite/humble prefix
(a) stop (e.g. in a timber joint, or at the end of a kanji stroke); remaining (e.g. poste-restante); forty-five degree angle
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
silver wedding (anniversary); 25th wedding anniversary
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
head (of a household); proprietor (of a store); one's husband; (one's) employer; (one's) master; host
to get angry; to get mad; to lose one's temper; to scold; to tell (someone) off
to go out (e.g. on an excursion or outing); to leave; to depart; to be about to leave; to be just going out
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo