rearing; training; nurture; cultivation; promotion
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
inheritance; bequest; legacy; heritage
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hand over; to transfer; to give up (e.g. one's seat); to give way; to yield; to concede
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
will; testament; last request
to rewrite; to overwrite; to renew; to transfer
please (give me); please (do for me)
beginning; outset; first; onset
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to take over; to hand over
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
hospital; clinic; doctor's office; doctor's surgery; infirmary
to resign; to retire; to quit; to leave (one's job, etc.)
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
(medical) doctor; physician
go that far; to that extent
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to part (usu. of people); to part from; to separate (of a couple); to break up; to lose (e.g. one's mother); to be bereaved
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Formosan sweetgum (Liquidambar formosana)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
grateful; thankful; welcome; appreciated; evoking gratitude
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
two persons; two people; pair; couple
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
luxury; extravagance; to live in luxury; to indulge oneself; lavish (use of something); abundant
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
rock; boulder; crag; cliff; anchor
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
important; significant; precious; valuable; careful
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk