door (esp. Japanese-style); shutter; window shutter; (arch.) entrance (to a home); (arch.) narrows
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
he; she; that person; (arch.) you
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
just (now); quite (near); unintentionally; subconsciously
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
perhaps; maybe; perchance; by some chance; by any chance
seed leaves (of a dicot); cotyledons; bud; early stages; very beginning
such (about the actions of the listener, or about ideas expressed or understood by the listener); like that; that sort of
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
family; members of a family
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?