indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
reduced drawing; miniature copy; microcosm; microcosmos
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
shortness of breath; panting; puffing; running out of steam (e.g. economy); losing momentum
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to rub; to crumple; to massage; to argue; to have a heated discussion; to train; to coach
interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
please (give me); please (do for me)
anyhow; at any rate; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking; in any case
together; at the same time; same; identical
to let fly; to make fly; to skip over; to leave out; to run fast; to drive fast; to spray
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
perhaps; likely; probably; I dare say
stamina; endurance; physical strength; strength of an organization (e.g. profitability, productivity, economic clout, stability, growth potential)
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
pacing (e.g. in athletics, etc.); pacing oneself
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
to look out on; to overlook; to face (a situation, crisis, etc.); to meet (e.g. death); to deal with (an issue); to attend (e.g. a function)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
body; group; party; company; troupe
all one's power (strength, energy, efforts); one's utmost
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
honorific/polite/humble prefix
very; extremely; excessively
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
not the time for; not the place for; far from; anything but; ... is out of the question; ... isn't the word for it
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
suffix for familiar person
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
undesirable lover (boyfriend, girlfriend); passion; temper; irritability