(musical) conductor; commander; leader; director
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
expressly; especially; taking the trouble (to do); intentionally; deliberately
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
foreign; abroad; overseas
public performance; exhibition in a foreign country
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
genius; prodigy; natural gift
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
radio (communication); wireless; not using wires
something wrong; accident; change; abnormality; aberration
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
toilet; lavatory; powder room
new rice field; newly developed rice field; wasteland or marshland newly reclaimed as a rice field (Edo period)
comprehension; consent; understanding; OK; roger (on two-way radio)
how; in what way; how about
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
unskillful; poor; awkward; imprudent; untactful
without; unacceptable; not alright; unsatisfactory
stage (theatre, theater); scene or setting (e.g. of novel, play, etc.)
upper part; upper stream; upper course of a river; right side of the stage (audience's or camera's POV); stage left (actor's POV); skillful (in comparisons)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward