Muromachi period (1333-1573)
northern part; the north (of a region)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
valley; ravine; glen; gorge
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
river; stream; River; the ... river
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
abundant; plentiful; rich; wealthy; open (mind); relaxed
green; greenery (esp. fresh verdure)
to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to rule; to govern; to administer
God; god; ace; king; superior person
festival; feast; carnival
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
a line; a streak; one item (in an itemized form); one clause; one matter (affair, event, case, incident); (arch.) the same logic
third month of the lunar calendar; (arch.) thick growth (of grass, etc.); Yayoi period (ca. 300 BCE-300 CE); Yayoi culture
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
mountain stream; valley; dale; wetlands; swamp; marsh
firefly (Luciola cruciata); lightning bug; glowworm
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
evil; wickedness; (role of) the villain (in theatre, etc.); the bad guy
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
adds force or indicates command
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
from long ago; from old times; from time immemorial
marriage; marriage tie; love knot
power spot; spiritual hot spot; location said to be flowing with mystical energy
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
number one; first; best; most; game; round
enjoyment; pleasure; diversion; anticipation; looking forward to
speaking of ...; when it comes to ...; as for ...; if one were to say ...