indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
new type; new style; new model; new strain (e.g. infectious disease)
artificial valve; artificial heart valve
plan; project; schedule; scheme; program; programme
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to move forward; to move on
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
under development; in development
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
proposal; proposition; suggestion
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
bargaining point; terms of exchange; conditions for meeting a demand
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
support; backing; aid; assistance
demand; firm request; requisition; requirement; desire
top brass; upper echelon; higher-ups; top management; upper reaches; top of the pile
implementation (e.g. of a system); materialization; materialisation; realization; realisation; actualization
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
use; adoption; acceptance; appointment; employment; engagement
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
condition; term; requirement; qualification; prerequisite
recognizing anew; seeing something in a new light
in comparison to; rather than
high rating; good reputation
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
examination; exam; test; trial; experiment; test
success; passing (e.g. exam); eligibility
condition; assumption; intention; intent; premise (in logic)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted