indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
reverse; opposite; converse (of a hypothesis, etc.); inverse (function)
lawsuit; suit; (legal) action; litigation
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to shake; to sway; to rock; to become unstable; to become unsettled; to be shaken
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
space development; space exploration
division (of company); operations department
head (chief, director) of a section or department; head of a (school) club; head of a (school) team
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
patent; special permission; license; licence
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to buy; to purchase; to buy out
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
stability; steadiness; consistency; stable
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
chief; main; principal; major
to press forward; to forge ahead; to push on
plan; project; schedule; scheme; program; programme
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
to miss (doing); to fail (to do); to do without
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
hundred million; 100,000,000; 10^8
how; in what way; how about; questionable
don't you think?; indicates question
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
poverty; need; destitution; having great difficulty with; struggling greatly with; being in distress
(wanting something so badly that) one can almost taste it; (lit.) a hand reaches out from one's throat
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
wanting (to have); desiring; wishing for; I want (you, them, etc.) to (do)
to sell; to betray; to sell out (one's friend, country, etc.); to make (oneself) known; to establish (a reputation) for oneself; to pick (a fight, quarrel, etc.)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)