maiko; apprentice geisha (in Kyoto)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
impertinent; impudent; saucy; cheeky
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
unappealing; uninteresting; lacking charm
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
mountain stream; valley; dale; wetlands; swamp; marsh
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
to be; to come; to go; to be (doing)
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
person in charge; senior staff; manager; chief; head
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
quarrel; brawl; fight; squabble; scuffle; argument
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
soon; before long; slowly; quietly; already; about time
washing; laundry; relaxation; rejuvenation; melting away (of worries, fatigue, etc.)
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
to decorate; to ornament; to display; to exhibit; to mark (e.g. the day with a victory); to adorn (e.g. the front page)
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
to sell; to betray; to sell out (one's friend, country, etc.); to make (oneself) known; to establish (a reputation) for oneself; to pick (a fight, quarrel, etc.)