maiko; apprentice geisha; dancing girl
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
impertinent; impudent; saucy; cheeky
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
unappealing; uninteresting; lacking charm
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
mountain stream; valley; dale; wetlands; swamp; marsh
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
person in charge; senior staff; manager; chief; head
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
quarrel; brawl; fight; squabble; scuffle; argument
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
washing; laundry; relaxing; taking a break
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
to decorate; to ornament; to display; to exhibit; to mark (e.g. the day with a victory); to adorn (e.g. the front page)
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?