yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
serious; not joking; straight
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
four; four years of age; ten o'clock (old time system); Burakumin; cross grips
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
actual spot; scene (of a crime, accident, etc.); (on) site; (on) the ground; filming location; (movie) set
state of affairs (around you); situation; circumstances
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
where; which; anyway; anyhow; sooner or later; eventually
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
material witness; suspect
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
distinction; difference; separate; different; exception; exclusion
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
offender; criminal; culprit
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
coincidence; chance; by chance; unexpectedly; contingency
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
be supposed or expected to (do); be sure to (do); ought to (do)
dead body; corpse; cadaver; carcass
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
so far; up to now; hitherto; that's enough (for today); it ends here
the real criminal; true culprit