indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
the end; closing; being done for; that's it; that's enough; that's all
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
approximately; about; promise; appointment; shortening; reduction
10^8; 100,000,000; hundred million
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
genuine article; real thing; real deal
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
hard; solid; stiff; tight; strong; firm (not viscous or easily moved); safe
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
spurious article; forgery; counterfeit; imitation; sham
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
origin; source; exit; point of departure; time to take action
suspicious; dubious; doubtful; unsure; untrustworthy; unreliable; strange
to bring; to take (something) along; to fetch; to get
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
please (give me); please (do for me)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as