speech; words; one's lines; remarks
song lyrics; words of a song; libretto
sharp parting remark; parting threat
pronoun; synonym; classic example; pattern
words; writing; ci (form of Chinese poetry); independent word
ritual prayer; invocation of the gods participating in a rite; congratulatory address
adjective; i-adjective (in Japanese)
signature phrase; signature saying
pillow word; decorative word used prefixally in classical Japanese literature; preface; introduction
songwriting (words and music)
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
famous line (from a movie, book, etc.); famous quote
particle; postpositional word in Japanese grammar that functions as an auxiliary to a main word
message of condolence; memorial address
inflecting dependent word (in Japanese); bound auxiliary; auxiliary verb (in languages other than Japanese)
interjection; exclamation
lyric writer; lyricist; songwriter
lyric sheet; card with the lyrics to a song
interpreter (esp. of Dutch and Chinese during the Edo period); interpretation; court interpreter
kakekotoba; pivot word; play on words (esp. in poetry); pun
words read by the priest in a Shinto purification rite
congratulations; greetings
foreword to a collection of poems; preface; explanatory notes; captions
foreword; preface; introduction; prefatory modifying statement (of a waka, etc.)
adjectival noun (in Japanese); quasi-adjective; nominal adjective; na-, taru-, nari- or tari-adjective
case-marking particle (e.g. "ga", "no", "wo", "ni")
florid expression; poetical talent
lyric writer; lyricist; songwriter
conjunction particle (e.g. "ba", "kara", "keredo", "nagara")
formal noun; dummy noun; expletive noun
pre-noun adjectival; adnominal adjective
funeral eulogy; memorial speech
verb phrase; verbal phrase
interjection; exclamation
foreword to a collection of poems; preface; explanatory notes; captions
taboo word; euphemism (used in place of a taboo word)
adverbial (adverb) phrase
anthology (of poems); florilegium
words; speech; expression
sentence-ending particle (e.g. "ka", "na", "yo", "kashira")
meaningless words added a song for rhythmical effect; words or utterances added to modulate the cadence of a song
prefix (as a part-of-speech)
potential verb; -eru verb derived from -u verbs expressing potentiality
(words of) praise; eulogy
participial construction; participle construction
words; speech; expression
binding particle (e.g. "ha", "mo", "koso", "shika"); linking particle; connecting particle
kakekotoba; pivot word; play on words (esp. in poetry); pun
parallel marker; particle used to list items (e.g. "to", "ya", "yara")
determiner; qualifier; determinative
ordinal numeral; ordinal number
nominal verb; verbal noun
words of praise; eulogy; compliment
secret language of court ladies (Muromachi period)
New Year party where greetings (or business cards, etc.) are exchanged
noun clause; nominal clause
(words of) praise; eulogy
norito read at a great purification event
subsidiary verb (in Japanese); auxiliary verb
ci (form of Chinese poetry)
part-of-speech classification
particle that attaches to a phrase and acts on the whole phrase
adverbial particle (e.g. "bakari", "nado", "kurai", "hodo")
na-adjective; adjectival noun
counter; counter word; measure word
complete intransitive verb
interjectory particle (e.g. "yo", "ne", "sa")
kakekotoba; pivot word; play on words (esp. in poetry); pun
language of flowers; floriography; flower symbolism, e.g. red roses mean love
word of Japanese origin; native Japanese word
to-infinitive; full infinitive
godan verb; type 1 verb; consonant-stem verb; u-verb
password; watchword; motto; slogan
kakekotoba; pivot word; play on words (esp. in poetry); pun
Kyoto dialect; Kyoto accent
taboo word; euphemism (used in place of a taboo word)
meaningless words added a song for rhythmical effect; words or utterances added to modulate the cadence of a song
spoken language; spoken words; language
words mainly used in songs or poetry
local dialect; vernacular; provincialism; national language
binding particle (e.g. "ha", "mo", "koso", "shika"); linking particle; connecting particle
word created by retaining the first syllable (or two) of a word and suffixing it with the word "moji"
na-adjective; adjectival noun
countryside dialect; sociolect or secret language used by prostitutes in red-light districts during the Edo period
repeated word or phrase; redundant wording; succession of words of similar meaning; pleonasm
repeated word or phrase; redundant wording; succession of words of similar meaning; pleonasm
samurai words and phrases
ichidan verb; type 2 verb; vowel-stem verb; ru-verb
subject-auxiliary inversion
predicate verb; predicator
adjective phrase; adjectival phrase
noun equivalent (noun, pronoun, gerund, etc.); substantive
sociolect or secret language used by prostitutes in red-light districts (Edo period); vulgar words used by prostitutes (Edo period)
sociolect or secret language used by prostitutes in red-light districts (Edo period); vulgar words used by prostitutes (Edo period)
parallel marker; particle used to list items (e.g. "to", "ya", "yara")
verb formed by adding "suru" to a noun
samurai words and phrases
predicate noun; predicate nominative
predicate adjective; predicative adjective
compound preposition; complex preposition; phrasal preposition
compound preposition; complex preposition; phrasal preposition
subordinating conjunction
incomplete intransitive verb
partitive article (e.g. "du" in French)
mountain language (euphemisms used by hunters, etc. when in the wild)
bare infinitive; root infinitive
use of a verb or adjective conjugation (esp. ren'yōkei) as a noun
reflexive pronoun (in Japanese grammar only)
reflexive pronoun (in Japanese grammar only)
type-1 adjective (i.e. one that uses "ku" conjugation)
type-2 adjective (i.e. one that uses "shiku" conjugation)
subsidiary adjective (in Japanese); auxiliary adjective
eight parts of speech (in traditional English grammar, etc.)
cognate object verb phrase
stative verb; state verb; non-progressive verb
consonant stem verb; godan verb
vowel stem verb; ichidan verb
noun that can be used as an adverb; temporal noun
ending a sentence with a noun
ending a sentence with a noun
adposition; prepositions and postpositions
language game in which extra syllables are added to words
language game in which extra syllables are added to words
language game in which extra syllables are added to words
euphemisms used by superstitious sailors (e.g. calling sardines "sundries", whales "Ebisu", etc.)
cardinal numeral; cardinal number
zero article; having no article
verb ending in "zu" or "zuru" (predecessor of modern -jiru verbs)
verb formed by adding "zuru" to a noun
na-adjective; adjectival noun