letter (of an alphabet); character; writing
complaint; grumbling; objection; phrase; words; expression
order (for an item); request; demand; condition
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
writing; composition; essay; sentence
sentence; composition; text; the literary arts (as opposed to the military arts); academia; statement
to complain; to make a complaint
spell; charm; incantation; magic words
literally; to the letter; literal
civilization; civilisation; culture; Bunmei era (1469.4.28-1487.7.20)
document; writing; letter; document addressed to someone
thesis; essay; treatise; paper; article
contents of a document (esp. of a letter)
literature; books (reference); document
tiny amount of money; a penny; one letter; one character; one mon (unit of currency)
wording (esp. of written text); classical Chinese literary style; traditional written Chinese
school festival; cultural festival; annual open day school event showcasing student talent
library; book collection; paperback book
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
literally; to the letter; literal
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; MEXT
small-format paperback book; pocket paperback
undisputed; entirely; perfect
to complain; to lodge a complaint
two characters; two letters; (arch.) garlic chives (Allium tuberosum); (arch.) Chinese chives
letter; note; book; writings; literary arts; learning
literature; the arts; art and literature; liberal arts
context (of a passage); line of thought; context (of a matter, event, etc.); circumstances; background
writing (an essay, prose, etc.); composition; formal writing with little real meaning
literary club (e.g. at school); literary section (e.g. newspaper)
humanities, social sciences, and fine arts; liberal arts
historical document; archives; old manuscript; pre-Meiji era document addressed to someone in particular
cultural assets; cultural property
official document; archives
first letter of a word; capital letter (at the start of a word or sentence); initials (of one's name)
Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
literary style; form of (written) language (e.g. classical, modern)
correspondence; exchange of letters
whole passage; full text; whole sentence; full paragraph
long sentence; long piece of writing (e.g. passage, letter, article, telegram)
food culture; dietary culture; cuisine
dial (of a meter, watch, etc.); face (of a clock); keyboard (on a typewriter, etc.); letter board (communication aid for people unable to speak); communication board
being accomplished in both the literary and military arts; doing well in both school and sports
text (of a law, treaty, contract, etc.); provisions
ancient writing (Edo-period or older); classical literature; ancient Chinese character (pre-Qin period); Chinese character script used before the Qin period
English writing; English sentence; English text; English literature; English lit
unwritten law; common law; unwritten rule
explanatory note; explanatory text; explanation; caption
ancient civilization; ancient civilisation
chat-up line; pick-up line; (loving) words
scholar of literature; literary person; man of letters; writer
Agency for Cultural Affairs
faculty of letters; college of letters; school of humanities
emoji; pictorial symbol; pictograph; ASCII art
important cultural property; important cultural asset
four characters; four letters
to complain; to make a complaint
great writer; literary master; distinguished author
horizontal script (esp. of a European language); European writing; Roman letters; European language; Western language
person of culture; cultured person
number of characters; character count
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; MEXT
written apology; written statement of regret
uppercase letter; capital letter; large character; large writing; the (kanji) character "dai" meaning "big"; huge character "dai" formed by fires lit on the side of a mountain in Kyoto on August 16 each year
inscription; epitaph; epigraph
Ministry of Education, Science and Culture (1871-2001)
literary and military arts; the pen and the sword
additional order; adding to an existing order
clincher; pick-up line; honeyed phrase; telling phrase; phrase that brings someone around, esp. in personal relationships
modern convenience; convenience of civilized life; blessings of civilization
set phrase; stock phrase; conventional expression; usual wording; cliché; clichéd line
literary world; literary circles
civilized person; civilized people
low Japanese-style desk (for reading and writing)
Chinese classical writing; Chinese classics; writing composed entirely of kanji
preface; foreword; introduction
stipulation; stating clearly; documenting in writing; stating explicitly
classified document; confidential document
ancient script; ancient character; ancient alphabet
cheap and low-quality play; performance not worth paying to see; transparent act; see-through scheming
dubious document; anonymous document containing defamatory statements
different culture; foreign culture
person of letters; literary person
blameless; above reproach; beyond reproach; faultless; perfect
Ministry of Education, Science and Culture (1871-2001)
Jōmon period (ca. 14000-1000 BCE)
man of letters; literary man
contemporary writing; modern text; modern Japanese writing; modern Japanese (as a school subject); literature written since the Meiji period
in the sentence; in the text; Bunchū era (of the Southern Court; 1372.4.?-1375.5.27)
fixed phrase; canned phrase; standard wording; template; boilerplate
order (for an item); request; demand; condition
Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
scriptural text; scriptures; sutras
demanding; difficult; strict
to complain; to lodge a complaint
written description of one's thoughts
pure literature; belles-lettres
sentence structure; grammatical construction; syntax
sales pitch; sales lure; catchphrase
catchphrase; promotional line; slogan
children's literature; juvenile literature
short sentence; short piece of writing (e.g. passage, article, composition)
sales message; sales copy
example sentence; illustrative sentence; model sentence
emoticon; smiley; kaomoji
civilized society; civilised society
Nobel Prize in Literature
threatening letter; intimidating letter
Bungeishunju (publishing company); Bungei Shunjū (magazine)
straw-rope pattern pressed into earthenware; Jōmon period (ca. 14000-1000 BCE)
paltry amount of money; cheapness; worthlessness; three one-mon coins
narrative part (of a text); descriptive writing (excluding direct speech and quotations)
Order of Culture (Japan); Order of Cultural Merit (South Korea)
stationery shop; a stationer
five characters; five letters; five-syllable verse of a waka, haiku, renga, etc.; first five syllables of a waka, haiku, renga, etc.
corruption (of text, e.g. in email, due to improper encoding); garbling; illegal character; corrupted text; garbled text
mon; one-thousandth of a kan (unit of currency 1336-1870); mon; traditional unit used for shoe and sock sizes (approx. 2.4 cm); letter; character
intangible cultural heritage
same text; same wording; same script; same language
civilization and enlightenment; Japan's Westernization movement during the Meiji era (Westernisation)
letter affixed to an arrow
demanding; difficult; strict
introductory text; introductory essay
box for letters and papers; box used to carry or deliver letters
humanities and social sciences; liberal arts; faculty of humanities; school of liberal arts
the above sentence; the foregoing remark; preamble (to a statute, constitution, etc.); opening part of a letter (used for season's greetings, asking after someone's health, etc.)
judgment paper; judgement paper
hieroglyph; hieroglyphic character
research paper; study; thesis
gold lettering; gilt letters
diplomatic papers or documents
one (written) character; (arch.) Welsh onion; (arch.) spring onion
bunraku; Japanese puppet theatre (theater)
short essay; pamphlet; tract
Bunkyū era (1861.2.19-1864.2.20)
famous literary composition
literary art; literary activity; writing
Java sparrow (Lonchura oryzivora); Java rice finch
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
main clause; main part (of a piece of writing); text (of a judicial decision)
poetry and prose; literature; literary works
very small amount of money; penny; cent; nickel; dime
civilized nation; civilised nation
written order; order form
Genbun era (1736.4.28-1741.2.27)
humanity; civilization; civilisation; culture
educational policies or administration; Bunsei era (1818.4.22-1830.12.10)
scented insert (to enclose with a letter); perfumed insert
Person of Cultural Merit; honorary title recognizing outstanding cultural contributions
the literary world; literary circles
literary history; history of literature
lowercase letter; small letter
(the products of) culture or civilization (civilisation)
address to the gods; type of song which spread from mountain hermits to the laity during the Kamakura era
humanities and sciences; reason; logic; line of thought (in a piece of writing); thread (of meaning)
character information; character data; textual data
National Archives of Japan
cultural exchange; cross-cultural communication; contacts between different cultures
technical civilization; technical civilisation
cultural facilities (art galleries, tea rooms, etc.)
stationery store; stationery shop; stationer's
Shūkanbunshun (weekly magazine)
ornamental writing (esp. initial letters); decorative lettering; fancy script
civilian control (of the military)
translated sentence; translated passage; translation; version; rendering
young literary enthusiast
modern civilization; modern civilisation
box for holding papers or stationery
civil administration; Bunji era (1185.8.14-1190.4.11)
English(-language) literature; British literature
Manjushri; Manjusri; Bodhisattva that represents transcendent wisdom
important intangible folk culture asset
written appeal; manifesto; declaration
Kanbun era (1661.4.25-1673.9.21)
literature; the arts; art and literature; liberal arts
Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
catchphrase; promotional line; slogan
tangible cultural properties
writer; author; literary person; one who lives from writing
humanities, social sciences, and fine arts; liberal arts
temper pattern of a sword blade
Council for Cultural Affairs
three heads are better than two; three ordinary people together have great wisdom; (lit.) if three people gather; the wisdom of Manjushri
character written by brush; brush-stroke character
official document; archives
custom-built home; built-to-order house
four-character compound word (usu. idiomatic)
phrase; clause; basic linguistic unit in Japanese grammar
(in) the shape of the character hachi (eight)
Act on Protection of Cultural Properties
woman's handwriting; hiragana
(China's) Cultural Revolution (1966-76)
arranging a group of people so as to form a character or spell out a message
poor piece of writing; my poor writing
seventh month of the lunar calendar
academic paper; scholarly paper; academic article; treatise
mass culture; pop culture; popular culture; culture of the people (as opposed to the elite)
blameless; above reproach; beyond reproach; faultless; perfect
doctoral dissertation; doctoral thesis
public records office; archives
Manjushri; Manjusri; Bodhisattva that represents transcendent wisdom
travel writing; travel piece; traveller's journal; traveler's journal
undisputed; entirely; perfect
moral culture; spiritual culture; culture born through the workings of the human mind (science, religion, philosophy, religion, art, etc.)
imperative sentence; imperative statement
forgery of an official document; falsification of public records
attached document; attachment; insert; (medication) package insert
direct speech (in a text); spoken lines; written dialogue
very small amount of money; penny; cent; nickel; dime
written letters; handwriting
Western civilization; Western civilisation
Lindera umbellata (species of spicebush); toothpick; natural wooden chopsticks (tea ceremony); black characters; black text
many cultures; multicultural
figure; design; style (of writing); figure (of speech); design; plot; minor market fluctuation
semi-European-style house; type of Japanese house incorporating Western elements that was made popular in the 1920s and 1930s
Culture Day (national holiday; November 3)
Lindera triloba (species of spicebush)
illiteracy; illiterate person; an illiterate
Bunroku era (1592.12.8-1596.10.27)
civilized world; civilised world
department of English literature
handwritten letter; handwritten character
Japanese text; sentence in Japanese
literary criticism or theory
hieroglyph; hieroglyphics
Bachelor of Arts; BA; B.A.
the early bird gets the worm
religious oath in writing; written vow to the gods
written language; literary language; classical (or formal) written style based on Heian-period Japanese
greeting phrase (in letter, etc.); salutation
contemporary literature; modern literature
material civilization; material civilisation
order-taking; salesperson
text entry; character entry
Bunten exhibition; art exhibition sponsored by the Ministry of Education (antecedent of the Nitten exhibition)
Mesopotamian civilization
Bunshun Bunko (paperback label)
written prayer for a shrine or Buddhist temple
literary profession; writing
National Research Institute for Cultural Properties
important intangible cultural asset
ideogram; ideograph; ideographic script
modern civilization; modern world
Minister for Culture (e.g. in Brazil, France); Minister of Culture
explicit statement (e.g. in law); express provision
set phrase; stock phrase; conventional expression; usual wording; cliché; clichéd line
literary criticism; book review
straw rope-patterned ancient Japanese pottery
plain text; unciphered text
the Japanese syllabary symbols
Greek letter; Greek alphabet
Cyrillic alphabet; Cyrillic letter
English letter; alphabetic character
astronomical figure; astronomical number
Bungeishunju (publishing company); Bungei Shunjū (magazine)
joint communique; joint statement
circular (document); circulating letter; palindrome
Minister of Education, Science and Culture
Manjusri (Bodhisattva); Monju; Monjushuri; Wenshu
collected papers; collected works; collection of articles and essays
start of a sentence, phrase, etc.
(enervating) attraction to books or learning
Ministry of Culture (e.g. in China)
Japanese writing; Japanese text
special order; custom order
one (written) character; (arch.) Welsh onion; (arch.) spring onion
all the officials, both military and civil
appearance of written words; impression given by written letters, characters, etc.; literal meaning (of a piece of writing); superficial meaning
amount of text; amount of writing
password; secret spell; secret phrase
grammatical; grammatically
Arabic script; Arabic letter
the early bird gets the worm
confidential document; confidential paper; classified document
compound sentence; sentenced formed of two independent clauses; important cultural property; important cultural asset
letter of responsibility (for a crime)
ignorant and illiterate; uneducated and illiterate; uneducated and illiterate person
crest of the Sanada clan (featuring six sen coins, trad. to pay for crossing the Sanzu River)
boldface; bold-type; thick characters
main text (as opposed to any included commentary or annotations); authentic text (e.g. of a treaty, as opposed to any translation not specified as authentic); Chinese classical literature
unification of the written and spoken forms of a language
(love) letter tossed into a home
phonetic symbol; phonogram; phonetic script
department of Japanese literature
Diet members' monthly allowance for postage, communication, transport and accommodation
transcription (of speech to text)
study; scholarship; learning; discipline; branch of learning; (a) science
Nara National Research Institute of Cultural Properties
tattoo (esp. a traditional Japanese one); tattooing
intangible cultural asset
witty (happy, apt) remark; well-worded saying; epigram; aphorism
authentic text (as opposed to a copy or duplicate)
writing in a European language; European text; Roman letters
faculty of humanities; school of humanities
responsibility for wording of an article
a sentence; one sentence; (short) piece of writing
Chinese classical literature; Chinese classics
Chinese language (written); Chinese literature
fingerspelling (in sign language for the deaf); finger alphabet
Bun'ei era (1264.2.28-1275.4.25)
very small amount of money; penny; cent; nickel; dime
literary (and the arts) column
written report to the gods; imperial edict; written appeal to a superior
ornate initial; capital letters; flowers planted to form characters
Egyptian civilization (civilisation)
International Astronomical Union: IAU
country with a high level of culture
organizational culture; culture of an organization
scientific article; scientific paper
reference materials; references; bibliographical sources; written materials; documents
pattern; design; distinction
study or science of literature; a liberal arts department
the Japanese syllabary symbols
ready-made seal; cheap seal
civil and military officers
(skilled) writer; essayist
astronomical phenomenon; celestial event
faculty of humanities and sciences; college of arts and sciences; school of arts and sciences
orderer; purchaser; customer
cultural science (Rickert's "Kulturwissenschaft")
Aozora Bunko (digital library of Japanese public-domain works)
character encoding; character code
type-picking; anthology; selection of literary works
Buddhist revelation through intuitive discernment; Spiritual awakening cannot be experienced with words and letters; Spiritual enlightenment can be attained only by means of communion of mind with mind (Zen Buddhism)
literary style; classical style
tanka; 31-mora Japanese poem
French; French writing; French literature
Yi script (used to write the Yi languages)
Tenbun era (1532.7.29-1555.10.23)
spell; charm; incantation; magic words
museum of modern literature
department of French literature
lost work; lost writings; partially lost work; literary fragment; work of a superior quality
Hebrew alphabet; Hebrew letter
epistolary style using the auxiliary "sōrō" in place of "aru"
Western word or sentence; word created by translating components of a Western word
megalithic civilization; megalithic culture
translation; piece of translated writing; translated sentence
unwritten; illiterate; uneducated; poor writing
cultural museum; museum of culture
order to buy or sell; buy-sell order
writers and artists; persons who take delight in such refined pursuits as poetry, literature, painting and calligraphy
method of ordering; procedures for ordering
Bunna era (of the Northern Court; 1352.9.27-1356.3.28); Bunwa era
first Japanese invasion of Korea (1592-93)
writing characters in the air with one's behind (by moving one's hips)
Western civilization; Western civilisation
box for letters and papers; box used to carry or deliver letters
jindai moji; forged syllabic characters purported to have been used in ancient Japan
gold letters; letters written in gold paint
damaging documents; concealing documents; spoliation
written expression; writing
drawn lettering; sound effects lettering
Greek letter; Greek alphabet
hack writer; pulp-writer; penny-a-liner; scribbler
story (verbal) problem; problem expressed in words
colloquial writing; text written in a spoken form of the language
lettering on the spine of a book
British and American literature
international cultural exchange
circular (document); circulating letter; palindrome
civilized world; civilised world
written law; statutory law
parsing; syntactic analysis
hieroglyph; hieroglyphics
pomelo (Citrus maxima); shaddock
bunbuku chagama (a mythical raccoon dog transformed into a teapot)
literature written in diary form
Cultural Affairs Department
kanji (as opposed to kana)
unpatterned (e.g. clothes, pottery); unfigured; plain
kumon; official documents submitted to the central government (ritsuryō system)
style of Southern Chinese painting
features of the Earth (rivers, mountains, etc.); topography; physiography; physical geography
all-purpose kitchen knife
Bun'an era (1444.2.5-1449.7.28); Bunnan era
school of popular writing
methods of writing; rules of good writing; writing style guide
written contribution; submission (to a newspaper, online forum, etc.)
the Japanese syllabary symbols
English-Japanese translation
this thesis; this article; the article under consideration
cultural progress; advance of the arts
Indus (valley) civilization (civilisation)
women's writing; literature written by women
afterword; epilogue; postscript
Latin alphabet; Latin character
made-to-order production; job order production; production to order
unpunctuated Chinese texts
writing (an epitaph, foreword, etc.); composition; epitaph; inscription
monme; Edo-period silver coin worth between 1/50th and 1/80th of a ryō
Yellow River civilization; Huang civilization; cradle of Chinese civilization
poor writing; bad writing; rambling prose
unswept hairdo originating in the mid-eighteenth century (now popular at traditional weddings)
Shizuoka University of Art and Culture
hieratic (ancient Egyptian script)
Phoenician alphabet; Phoenician character
word used mainly in writing; literary language
Chinese bronze inscriptions; type of lettering used on metal objects, especially in China during the Yin and Zhou dynasties
space character; whitespace character; blank character
block of multiple characters arranged in a space equivalent to that of a single character
tenmondō (form of astrology)
Chinese characters; hanzi; kanji
Tokushima Bunri University
edict from a senior official in government or military which had the status of a binding official document
beautifully written (Chinese) character
the four great civilizations of the world (China, Babylon, India and Egypt; as put forward by Chinese scholar Liang Qichao in 1900)
to make a false accusation; to invent a pretext for a quarrel
writing system using unconventional characters and symbols, esp. used by young women in texting
phrases, etc. at the ends of letters, etc.
flat sedge hat; bamboo hat
straw-rope pattern pottery; Jomon ware
written language; literary language
flavor of literary style; flavour of literary style
Diet members with a special interest in education
damaging article published by the Shūkan Bunshun weekly
Kulturkampf (church-state conflict in Prussia; 1872-1887)
entry kanji in a kanji dictionary; capital letter; matrix (printing); kanji corresponding to furigana
Japanese-English translation
heavy double-handled pot used for making rice
Bunshō era (1466.2.28-1467.3.5)
silver-gilt letters; silvery letters
interpreting an English text
cross-cultural; comparative culture
multibyte character; multibyte encoding; variable-width encoding
Diet members' monthly allowance for postage, communication, transport and accommodation
man's handwriting; kanji; Chinese characters
personal meeting (esp. used by females)
woman's loincloth (worn as a kimono underskirt); single-layer absorbent bathrobe (worn during or after a bath)
literary embellishment; figure of speech; rhetorical flourish; beautiful coloring
dead letter; meaningless writing
order history; purchase history
variant (in a manuscript or book); part of a text that differs from other versions
early-modern literature; Edo-period literature (1600-1867)
wooden spoon; ladle; rice scoop
Bunki era (1501.2.29-1504.2.30)
cross-cultural; intercultural
following sentence; succeeding sentence
(China's) Cultural Revolution (1966-76)
the style is the man; the style is the man himself
The Japan Writers' Association; JWA
Charter Oath (of the Meiji Emperor); Five-Point Imperial Covenant; Imperial Oath of Five Articles
memorial address; words of condolence; funeral oration; eulogy
Chinese-character cultural sphere; Sinosphere; countries where Chinese characters are used or were historically used
history of Japanese literature
four-letter word (esp. in English)
indecent writings; pornography
half-width character; single-byte character (ASCII, single-byte kana from JIS 201, etc.)
love story; erotic literature
oral literature; folklore
prose with a poetic haiku flavor (flavour)
Enbun era (of the Northern Court; 1356.3.28-1361.3.29)
stone monument bearing an inscription (esp. memorial for future generations); stele; stela
mixed writing (kanji and kana)
East Asian evergreen forest culture (theory)
paleography; the study of ancient writings
essay-type (examination, etc.)
Aegean civilization (civilisation)
female writer; woman writer
(my) poor writing; scribbling; hasty writing
Russian alphabet; Russian characters
collection of essays contributed in celebration of something; festschrift
Institute of Astronomy; IoA
method of writing; syntax
Specialist in Humanities (Japanese visa category)
set phrase; stock phrase; conventional expression; usual wording; cliché; clichéd line
becoming a dead letter; becoming meaningless (of a statute, law, etc.)
Seibundo Shinkosha (publishing company based in Tokyo)
(crime of) damaging or concealing documents; spoliation offense
blameless; above reproach; beyond reproach; faultless; perfect
spots; speckles; spotted pattern; mottled pattern
Cultural Exchange Association
Jūmonjigakuen Women's University
Nihon Bungeisha (publisher)
epistolary style; style of written correspondence
negative question; question asked in the negative (e.g. "Can't you read Japanese?")
culture of the printed word; book culture
mixed writing of literary Japanese and Chinese
writing composed entirely of kana; kana text; letter composed entirely of kana
governing by law and reason rather than by military force
character layout; typesetting
Imjin War (1592-1597); Hideyoshi's invasions of Korea
Japanese typewriter; typewriter that can type using Japanese characters
the four great civilizations of the world (China, Babylon, India, and Egypt; as put forward by Chinese scholar Liang Qichao in 1900)
annotation; explanatory note
Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize
text written in literary style
catchphrase; promotional line; slogan
Cultural Heritage Foundation
visual culture; culture of visual images; (screen) image culture
to parody; to make a parody of; to pun (on); to twist; to distort
concrete syntax (of SGML)
Bunpō era (1317.2.3-1319.4.28)
physiography; physical geography
personal letter; epistolary style
piece of writing with a missing part; missing part (sentence, passage, etc.); lacuna
algebraic equation; polynomial; character expression; literal expression
pocket paperback size (approx. A6)
Osaka Prefectural Museum of Yayoi Culture
character layout; typesetting
Egyptian script (i.e. hieroglyphs, hieratic, and demotic)
German literature; German sentence
this academic subject or field of study; Confucian studies
merchant class culture that flourished in Edo during the Bunka-Bunsei period
(crime of) forging an official document; falsification of official records
personal meeting (esp. used by females)
three heads are better than two; three ordinary people together have great wisdom; (lit.) if three people gather; the wisdom of Manjushri
shorthand symbol; stenograph; stenographic character; shorthand script
spoken and written language
Japan Institute of Life Insurance
end of a sentence; sentence final
respect for literary culture
(piece of) writing in colloquial style; vulgar writing
complex sentence; sentence with an independent clause and at least one dependent clause
oral literature; folk literature
kana literature; works written in kana in the Heian period
text decoration (e.g. character and font effects, underline, etc.)
anthology; literary world; collection of literary masterpieces
catchphrase; promotional line; slogan
length of a character string
empty string; null string
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization; UNESCO
horizontal (Western) writing
clever use of words to advance an argument; tricky manipulation of law
appearance of written words; impression given by written letters, characters, etc.; literal meaning (of a piece of writing); superficial meaning
conditional sentence; conditional statement
spell; charm; incantation; magic words
Minister for Culture and Tourism
transcription of Chinese classics into Japanese
anthology; literary world; collection of literary masterpieces
chat-up line; pick-up line; (loving) words
miscellanist; miscellaneous writer
Montoku Jitsuroku (fifth of the six classical Japanese history texts)
legendary literature; narrative literature
idle words (in a written passage); useless words; empty words
faculty of law and literature
writing into law; codification; enacting
enclosed character; circled alphanumeric
picture formed from letters; painting representing reeds around water with rocks, grass or birds made using characters (Heian period)
Sanskrit writing; Sanskrit text; Sanskrit scripture; scripture in Sanskrit characters
ancient seal-script character
Aramaic alphabet; Aramaic letter
civil official (esp. dealing with literary matters)
red letter style; cutesy fashion style named after fashion magazines featuring it (whose cover titles are printed in red or pink)
Nara National Cultural Properties Research Institute
ghost character; kanji of unknown origin included in the JIS X 0208 character set
pomelo (Citrus maxima); shaddock
date of order; purchase date
children's literature; juvenile literature
oral literature; folk literature
radio astronomy observatory
Japanese shubunkin goldfish variety
essay-type test; essay-based examination
mixed writing (kanji and kana)
erotic or pornographic literature (Edo period)
mixed writing of literary Japanese and Chinese
creating patterns in human flesh through scarification
boldface; bold-type; thick characters
epistolary style; epistolary phrase
the pleasures of literature
Japanese literature; Japanese writing; Japanese text
Japan-China Cultural Exchange Association
The Japan Writers' Association; JWA
input sentence; input statement
full-width character; regular character in the JIS, Unicode, etc. standards
word created by retaining the first syllable (or two) of a word and suffixing it with the word "moji"
the foregoing; the forgoing
emphatic (sentence) construction
random jottings; rambling essays
patterned (e.g. clothes, pottery); figured
platform-dependent character
harmony of beauty and substance; (perfect) balance of looks and character; harmony of refinement and simplicity
grammar error; syntax error
hairpiece; false hair; switch; (arch.) hair
to make a false accusation; to invent a pretext for a quarrel
post-Jōmon period (mainly Hokkaido; 3rd to 7th century BCE); epi-Jōmon period
the five basic sentence structures of English (SV, SVC, SVO, SVOO, SVOC)
same race and same script
single kanji that is read twice (with different pronunciations) in the Japanese reading of Chinese texts
Japanese containing expressions literally translated from European languages
Kyoto Bunkyo University; KBU
addendum (to a treaty or contract); annex; annexure; subordinate clause
Heian-period kana writing
Bunri University of Hospitality
same race and same language
(Edo-period) humorous literature
reading kanbun by pronouncing a word with its on reading followed by its kun reading
twisting of the truth in one's writing; playing with text to distort the truth
transcription of Chinese classics into Japanese
demotic (ancient Egyptian script)
cultural cleansing; cultural genocide
literally; to the letter; literal
Saxifraga fortunei var. alpina (species of rockfoil flower)
Japanese grammar (esp. traditional)
Bunka-Bunsei period (approx. 1804-1830)
history of civilization; history of civilisation
literary club; literature club
literary club; literature club
colloquial grammar; grammar of modern spoken and written Japanese
National Research Institute of Cultural Properties
reading a classical Chinese text in Japanese
group paragraph conversion
reading classical Chinese aloud without trying to understand the meaning; reading a kanji compound using the Japanese pronunciation of each of its characters
to not try to fix an error but rather make it look good on the surface only
warning message; warning label
four-letter word (vulgar English term, e.g. fuck)
machine-dependent character; platform-dependent character
confusing piece of writing; incomprehensible sentence
fundamental culture (concept proposed by German folklorist Hans Naumann); deep culture
scholarship and swordsmanship are one and the same; the literary and the military are the same path
study of historical documents; diplomatics; diplomatic; paleography; palaeography
Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku (fifth of the six classical Japanese history texts)
the four tools of writing (brush, ink, inkstone and paper)
the early bird catches the worm
force of a literary style
linear script (e.g. Linear A, Linear B)
circular (document); circulating letter
letter dropped in the road; Japanese insect
block of multiple characters arranged in a space equivalent to that of a single character
fountainhead of culture; Ministry of Education
Bun'ō era (1260.4.13-1261.2.20)
Shuowen Jiezi (first comprehensive dictionary of Chinese characters; 121 CE)
epigraph on a stone monument; ancient inscriptions on monuments
pre-literate society; non-literate society
pornographic literature; sensual literature; erotic literature
eight-legged essay (classical Chinese style of essay writing)
transformational generative grammar
Bunten exhibition; annual art exhibition sponsored by the Ministry of Education (antecedent of the Nitten exhibition)
Society of International Education and Cultural Exchange; SIENCE
Palaeolithic culture; Paleolithic culture
literary revolution (of China; post-1917 emphasis on vernacular forms)
tanka; 31-mora Japanese poem
codified constitution; written constitution
(family) crest; coat of arms; pattern; figure; playing card suit (in karuta)
common orient clam (Meretrix lusoria)
catchphrase; promotional line; slogan
catchphrase; promotional line; slogan
catchphrase; promotional line; slogan
catchphrase; promotional line; slogan
catchphrase; promotional line; slogan
catchphrase; promotional line; slogan
preface; foreword; introduction
scriptural text; scriptures; sutras
muni (Indian ascetic or sage); Buddha
woven pattern; background pattern (of lacquerware, printed materials, etc.)
dictionary of Chinese characters; kanji dictionary
Yi script (used to write the Yi languages)
pomelo (Citrus maxima); shaddock
lost work; lost writings; partially lost work; literary fragment; work of a superior quality
hack writer; pulp-writer; penny-a-liner; scribbler
to make a false accusation; to invent a pretext for a quarrel
Chinese characters; hanzi; kanji
literary embellishment; figure of speech; rhetorical flourish; beautiful coloring
Bunki era (1501.2.29-1504.2.30)
indecent writings; pornography
Specialist in Humanities (Japanese visa category)
Imjin War (1592-1597); Hideyoshi's invasions of Korea
annotation; explanatory note
piece of writing with a missing part; missing part (sentence, passage, etc.); lacuna
consonant (in the Siddham script)
Russian text; text written in Russian; Russian literature; Russian literature faculty
word created by retaining the first syllable (or two) of a word and suffixing it with the word "moji"
harmony of beauty and substance; (perfect) balance of looks and character; harmony of refinement and simplicity
the five basic sentence structures of English (SV, SVC, SVO, SVOO, SVOC)
the four tools of writing (brush, ink, inkstone and paper)
(a) penny store; business on a small scale
lettering of an engraving
lower-case letters (of the English alphabet)
mixed writing (kanji and kana)
mixed writing (kanji and kana)
commercial correspondence
unwritten law; common law
uncodified constitution; unwritten constitution
(inadvertent) redundancy in a text
market order; order without limit
market order; order without limit
market order; order without limit
International Phonetic Alphabet; IPA
being versed in the literary and military arts
colorful pattern; colourful pattern
elucidation of a difficult passage
reply letter; retranslation (into the original language)
functional unification grammar; FUG
phrase structure grammar; PSG
lexical-functional grammar; LFG
head-driven phrase structure grammar; HPSG
easily misunderstood sentence; garden-path sentence; (lit.) cul-de-sac sentence
coded character set; code
character encoding scheme
semasio-phonetic character (combining semantic and phonetic components)
writing style used to write the rankings
humorous erotic literature
bout that goes according to a wrestler's strategy; match that goes according to one's plan
well up in both literary and military (martial) arts; well skilled in wielding both the sword and the pen
bizarre literature; literature of the bizarre
stone inscription; epigraphy
Timor dusky sparrow (Lonchura fuscata, Padda fuscata)
doctoral degree (e.g. PhD) by thesis only
Bunryaku era (1234.11.5-1235.9.19)
bronze-vessel and bell inscriptions
ordinary woman secretly engaged in prostitution (Edo period)
(Sun Yat-sen's) Three Principles of the People
Japanese text; sentence in Japanese
taotie motif (on ritual bronzes from the Shang and Zhou dynasties)
exclamatory sentence; exclamation
exclamatory sentence; exclamation
lesser cuckoo (Cuculus poliocephalus)
pre-Jomon period (i.e. the preceramic period)
Amarna letters (archive of Egyptian correspondence, recorded on clay tablets)
large seal script (dating from China's Spring and Autumn period onward)
ancient clan record (incl. their origins, their achievements, etc.)
the five basic sentence structures of English (SV, SVC, SVO, SVOO, SVOC)
the five basic sentence structures of English (SV, SVC, SVO, SVOO, SVOC)
sentential negation; sentence negation; statement negation
school grammar; system of Japanese grammar used in Japanese schools and dictionaries
non-sentence; ungrammatical sentence
stroke character generator
field-separator character
block check character; BCC
quoted (character) string
upper-case letters (of the English alphabet)
Open Document Architecture; ODA
function character identification parameter
reference concrete syntax
record boundary character
concrete syntax parameter
empty string; null string
empty string; null string
type declaration statement
deterministic context-free grammar
result document type (of a link)
source document type (of a link)
optical character reader; OCR
optical character reader; OCR
optical character reader; OCR
optical character recognition; OCR
optical character recognition; OCR
public text designating sequence
public text display version
syntax-reference character set
Universal Character Set; UCS
Magnetic Ink Character Reader; Magnetic Ink Character Recognition; MICR
Magnetic Ink Character Reader; Magnetic Ink Character Recognition; MICR
Magnetic Ink Character Reader; Magnetic Ink Character Recognition; MICR
magnetic ink character recognition; MICR
Magnetic Character Reader; MCR
handwriting recognition; handwritten text recognition
procedure branching statement
significant SGML character
format effector; layout character
numeric character reference
stroke character generator
device-dependent version of public text
multicode core concrete syntax
multicode basic concrete syntax
multicode concrete syntax
replaceable character data
definitional character entity set
transmission control character
specific character data entity
delimited scope statement
display character entity set
partial (character) string; substring
character display (device); character-imaging device
character-coded-data-element; CC data element
character expansion factor
document class description
document application profile
archive science; archival studies
document type specification
document type declaration
document type declaration subset
document type definition; DTD
text processing application
document architecture; document body
document architecture class
document architecture level
context-sensitive grammar
contextually optional token
contextually optional element
contextually required token
contextually required element
compiler directing statement
imperative statement; unconditional statement
named character reference
defined assignment statement
culture of a higher order (as opposed to fundamental culture)
closing recital that transfers the merit of the service to a buddha, a bodhisattva, or the dead
compound-complex sentence
the word impossible is not in my dictionary
the word impossible is not in my dictionary
knotted cords used to record figures, facts, etc.; quipu
grammar of the classical literature; classical grammar
Etruscan character; Etruscan alphabet
Dongba script (used by the Naxi People in southern China); Tomba script; Tompa script
writing (poetry); composing
love letter; letter proposing marriage
variant characters (usu. kanji or kana)
language used when writing letters
Edo-period office in charge of compiling the traditional calendar, astronomical measurements, surveying, translating Western books, etc.
inscription of a fantastic birdlike creature found on Yin and Zhou dynasty bronze ware
inscription of a fantastic birdlike creature found on Yin and Zhou dynasty bronze ware
(ritsuryō system) teacher responsible for training in astronomy, astrology, calendar-making, etc.
textbook approved by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; government-approved textbook
textbook approved by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; government-approved textbook
kanbun converted into literary Japanese
kanbun converted into literary Japanese
colloquial language style; everyday language style
normal style of writing; modern Japanese text; text written in literary style with mixed kanji and kana (until the Taisho era)
dictionary of kanbun grammar and usage
literary style from the Heian era onwards, mainly in kana and written by women
regular kanbun (following the rules of classical Chinese grammar)
International Phonetic Alphabet; IPA
hiragana character "i"; hiragana character "hi"
cross-wise writing; alphabet usually written horizontally
Chinese characters; kanji
Japanese syllabary symbols; kana
Cretan script (Cretan hieroglyphs, Linear A, Linear B)
quipu; khipu; talking knots
Sinai inscriptions; proto-Sinaitic script
triangular pattern of objects
phonetic symbol; phonogram
Japanized version of classical Chinese (used from Heian period onward)
mirror writing; mirrored script
searching with natural language; natural sentence search
letters from exiled Europeans in Jakarta to their Japanese wives and half-Japanese children (during the Edo period)
word form used in literary language
optical character recognition; OCR
hidden character; non-printable character
Japanese typewriter; typewriter that can type using Japanese characters
confidential report to the ruler of the country of astronomical events and their astrological interpretation
archaeoastronomy; archeoastronomy
archaeoastronomy; archeoastronomy
blue letter style; comparatively mature fashion style named after fashion magazines featuring it (whose cover titles are printed in blue)
New Culture Movement (revolutionary movement in China, 1917-1921)
autobiography; autobiographical literature
the four great Japanese grammar texts (Yamada, Matsushita, Hashimoto and Tokieda)
words betray one's character
ideological literature (esp. left-wing)
hangul (Korean script); (arch.) proverb
double-size character; character with a doubled width and/or height
the pen is mightier than the sword
Western typewriter; typewriter using Roman letters
shippō pattern (of overlapping circles)
Asahi characters; simplified kanji formerly used by the Asahi Shimbun newspaper
featural script (e.g. hangul); featural writing system
writing entirely in kanji
writing entirely in kanji
Tanaka memorial (document, ca. 1927)
I want to send a (love) letter but I cannot write
I want to send a (love) letter but I cannot write
funeral eulogy; memorial address
Longshan culture (China, 3000-1900 BCE); Lung-shan culture; Black Pottery culture
Kaida glyphs; pictograms formerly used in the Yaeyama Islands
Kaida glyphs; pictograms formerly used in the Yaeyama Islands
Kumon method (of learning)
bunkafu; tablature notation system used for shamisen music
compound-complex sentence
brush-mark pattern (scraped into the surface of earthenware with wood)
stationery shop; stationer
literary girl; book-loving girl; bookworm girl
death anniversary (of a writer, poet, etc.; oft. given a relevant name); commemoration day
museum of literature; literary museum
same as above; same as in the previous certificate (document, etc.)
enhanced for statement (in Java)
text of an (exam) question
bricking (e.g. of a smartphone)
elegant classical Chinese prose employing antitheses using four and six-character compound words
reading of a character; pronunciation of a character
theory of written language
cultural cleansing; ethnocide
culture club (e.g. at school)
fantastic literature; fantasy literature
koseki unified characters; set of characters approved for use in family names
Society for Ritual Culture
Gobunsho (The Epistles, a collection of letters written by Rennyo)
Kumon; Kumon Institute of Education Co., Ltd
Hiroshima Bunkyo Women's College
International Cultural Association
Japan Information-Culture Society
Human Geographical Society of Japan
Chinese Culture University
Sino-Ryukyuan Cultural and Economic Association (previous name of the Taipei Economic and Cultural Office)
South-East Asian Friendship and Culture Association
Tōhoku English Literary Society
Koeki University; Tohoku University of Community Service and Science
Tohoku Seikatsu Bunka College
Narabunka Women's Junior College
Japan Cultural Association
Japanese Society for the Study of Human Welfare and Culture
Japanese Society of Cultural Anthropology; JASCA
Japanese Literature Association
Japan Society for the Comparative Study of Civilizations; JSCSC
Institute for the Preservation of Cultural Assets
Japan Society for the Conservation of Cultural Property
Bunka Women's Junior College
Bunkyō Women's University
Bunkyō Women's University
American National Archives
The Thousand Character Classic
Bungakuza (Japanese theatre company)
Yamada grammar (Japanese grammar created by Yoshio Yamada)
Tokieda grammar (Japanese grammar created by Motoki Tokieda)
Matsushita grammar (Japanese grammar created by Daizaburo Matsuhita)
Hashimoto Grammar (forms the base of Japanese grammar taught in schools)
Tohoku Bunka Gakuen University
Hiroshima Bunkyo University
Hiroshima Bunka Gakuen University
Hokkaido Bunkyo University
Bunka Fashion Graduate University
Ministry of Culture and Tourism (China)
Bunka Gakuen University Junior College
kanji "literature" radical (radical 67)
Oxytropis megalantha (species of locoweed)
Polystichum tripteron (species of the wood fern family)