orchid; Netherlands; Holland
lily of the valley (Convallaria keiskei)
Dutch studies; studies of Western knowledge
United Kingdom and the Netherlands; British-Dutch; England
moth orchid (Phalaenopsis aphrodite)
doctor practising Western medicine (during the Edo period)
noble orchid (Cymbidium goeringii)
agave; maguey; American aloe; century plant (Agave americana)
Western medicine (as introduced to Japan by the Dutch during the Edo period)
cast iron plant (Aspidistra elatior); baran; green plastic garnish (orig. made from leaf) used in lunch boxes, with sushi, etc.
Bletilla striata (purple variety of orchid)
ranchu; variety of goldfish
Dutch territory; Dutch possession
reishi mushroom and thoroughwort; fragrant plants; talented; virtuous
clivia (esp. drooping clivia, Clivia nobilis); Kaffir lily (Clivia miniata)
orchid of Western origin; tropical orchid
isolated place; hermitage
African lily (Agapanthus africanus)
curve-leaf yucca (Yucca recurvifolia)
Anglo-Dutch Wars (1652-1654, 1665-1667, 1672-1674)
Akita ranga; short-lived school of Western-style painting that originated in the Akita feudal domain in the mid Edo period
Oriental orchid; orchid of Oriental origin
USA, Britain, France and the Netherlands
Western-inspired art (Edo period); oil painting
school uniform for boys, often with stand-up collar, long jacket and loose trousers
Spanish dagger; palm lily; Yucca Gloriosa
variegated Spanish violet; Yucca Aloifolia
St Bernard's lily (Chlorophytum comosum); ribbon plant; spider plant
Yucca smalliana (species of yucca)
whisk fern (Psilotum nudum)
Dactylostalix ringens (species of orchid); rigid Dactylostalix
big blue lilyturf (Liriope muscari); lilyturf; liriope; border grass; monkey grass
Thrixspermum japonicum (species of orchid)
black crowberry (Empetrum nigrum)
lawn orchid; soldier's orchid (Zeuxine strateumatica)
Ephippianthus schmidtii (species of orchid)
Haplopteris flexuosa (species of shoestring fern)
Lecanorchis japonica (species of saprophytic orchid)
Eleorchis japonica (species of orchid)
leafy goodyera (Goodyera foliosa)
bamboo orchid (Arundina graminifolia)
Myrmechis japonica (species of orchid)
Microtis unifolia (species of orchid)
Oreorchis patens (species of orchid)
Cephalanthera longibracteata (species of orchid)
Philippine ground orchid (Spathoglottis plicata); Philippine orchid; large purple orchid
Cremastra appendiculata (species of orchid)
Linaria japonica (species of toadflax)
elephant's foot (Beaucarnea recurvata); ponytail palm
Epipactis papillosa (species of orchid)
fairy slipper (Calypso bulbosa, esp. Calypso bulbosa var. speciosa)
calla lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica)
Liriope minor (flowering plant in the Asparagaceae family)
Ponerorchis graminifolia (Orchis graminifolia)
Eleorchis japonica (species of orchid)
Iceland moss (Cetraria islandica); Iceland lichen
castor oil plant (Ricinus communis)
Taeniophyllum glandulosum (species of orchid)
Bulbophyllum drymoglossum (species of orchid)
Epipactis papillosa (species of orchid)
Cymbidium macrorhizon (species of orchid)
Yoania japonica (species of orchid); Lycoris traubii (species of spider lily)
Oberonia japonica (species of fairy orchid)