work; operation; manufacturing; fatigue duty
lesson; class work; teaching; instruction
graduation; completion (of a course); moving on (from); outgrowing (something); leaving (a group, company, etc.)
occupation; profession; job; vocation; trade; calling
enterprise; business; company; corporation
business; trade; operations; sales
business; affairs; duties; work; procedure; task
project; enterprise; business; (arch.) act; (arch.) deed; (arch.) conduct
commerce; trade; business
trader; dealer; businessperson; fellow trader; people in the same trade
work; business; company; study
business world; business circles; (the) industry
pursuit of knowledge; studying; learning; training; completing a course
graduation ceremony; commencement
industry; (arch.) livelihood; (arch.) occupation
trade; business; occupation; profession; job
great achievement; great feat; great work; great undertaking
laborer; labourer; blue-collar worker
achievement; performance; results; work; contribution
studies; schoolwork; classwork
principal occupation; core business
occupation; calling; livelihood
person in the same line of business; people in the same trade; the trade; the profession
ceremony held at the end of a school term; end-of-term ceremony
large company; large enterprise; large corporation
opening ceremony (of the school term)
work-in-progress; working state
opening a business; opening a practice
family business; family trade; one's occupation; one's trade
start of work; commencement; opening
side job; sideline; subsidiary business
work clothes; workwear; boilersuit; overalls
unemployment; losing one's job; becoming unemployed
parents' day (day when parents observe their children in school)
for work; for manufacturing
fishing industry; fishery
suspension of business; temporary closure (of a store, school, etc.); shutdown; holiday
businessman; industrialist
discontinuation (of business); closing down; giving up (one's practice); retiring
establishment (of a business); founding
business hours; opening hours; office hours
business use; business purposes
philanthropic work; charitable enterprise
due to the nature of one's job; because of one's line of work
business that exploits its employees (e.g. through unpaid overtime)
manual labor; manual labour; manual procedures
company secret; industrial secret; trade secret
training for homemaking; training in homemaking arts; domestic training
end of work day; end of school term; end of school year
same trade; same business; same profession
classbook; yearbook; graduation album
starting a business; promotion of enterprise
division of labor; division of labour; specialization; specialisation; assembly-line production
graduation certificate; diploma; testamur
division (of company); operations department
graduation examination; graduation test
simple work; repetitive job; unskilled work; menial work
normal duties; (one's) regular work
small and medium-sized enterprises; small and medium-sized businesses
the Industrial Revolution
hospitality industry; service trade (hotel and restaurant); service industry
obstruction of business; interference with business
school hours; hours of teaching (instruction)
promotion of industry; inauguration of a new industrial enterprise
temporary closure (of a shop, etc.); extra holiday; special holiday
special occupation; principal occupation; specialty; monopoly
large enterprise; big business; large undertaking
private clinician; physician in private practice
public works; public-works projects; public utilities
workload; quantity of work; work rate; units produced
perusing as a side business; doing in addition to one's main work; running (businesses) simultaneously; side business; job on the side
business office; place of business
detective work; detective industry
repair work; renovation work; restoration work
private enterprise; private business; private company; private firm; private-sector business; private-sector corporation
employment; starting work
opening time; starting time of work
overtime pay; overtime money; overtime payment
art project which is done in place of a graduation thesis at a college of arts
big corporation; major firm; leading company
paper (manufacturing) industry
person in the business (entertainment, music, film, etc.)
affiliated company; affiliated business
business plan; business schedule; project
start-up company; venture business
operation (of a machine, factory, fishing boat, etc.); work
industrial spy; industrial espionage
business person; operator; carrier (telecommunications, transport, etc.)
independent business; self-employment
penal labour; work assigned to prisoners
service industry; service sector
being open but having virtually no business
entrepreneur; person who starts a new business
Japanese company (business, firm)
great deed; great enterprise; great work; massive undertaking
business results; business performance
finance business; moneylending business
job-related; in the course of one's work
joint enterprise; joint venture
order (to an employee from management)
corporate (e.g. sports team); business organization; business corporation
technical high school; industrial high school
trading sexual favours (for career advancement, etc.)
plant; enterprise place; office
industrialization; industrialisation; establishing a production system; putting something into production
industrialist; entrepreneur
listed company (on a stock exchange)
forwarding or transportation industry
job (work) training (for the unskilled)
enterprising man; businessman; industrialist
full-time househusband; stay-at-home dad
munitions industry; war industry
tourist trade; travel industry; tourist business; tourist enterprise
to work as; to pursue as a vocation
self-employed profession (e.g. actor, artist); liberal profession
industrial (manufacturing, factory) town or city
small business; micro-enterprise; microenterprise
conglomerate; group of companies run as a single organization
real estate agent; realtor
shipping industry; marine transport
other companies in the same business; rival firms
business world; business circles
agricultural country; agrarian nation
professional; careerman; worker
industry terminology; professional jargon; buzzword
agricultural technology; farming techniques
school record; scholastic performance
forwarding agent; carrier
restaurant industry; restaurant business; catering industry
obstruction of business; interference with business; interference with somebody's duties
music industry; music business
barely keeping a business going (analogy that a bicycle falls over when its wheels cease rotating)
industrial physician; occupational health physician
corporate warrior (exceptionally dedicated and hard-working employee)
foreign-owned enterprise; company with capital participation by a foreign company; foreign-affiliated firm; alien corporation; foreign company
uphill task; difficult undertaking (project)
business conditions; business category; line of business
driving school qualifying test (can lead to waiver of a formal test)
broker; intermediary; broking house
one-man business; sole proprietor; sole proprietorship; individual owner-manager
rush work; crash program; working on a crash basis; working at top speed
front company (for an organized crime operation)
business efforts; corporate efforts
management task; administrative task
business-to-business; inter-business; inter-enterprise; B2B
role of a company president
work procedure; operational procedure
work left uncompleted at death; work one accomplished during one's lifetime
homekeeping; housekeeping; housewifery
different type of business; different occupation
small business; small company
sales skills; marketing power; sales strength; sales expertise
poor business performance; economic slump
light work; light-duty work
corporate acquisition (buyout)
outsourcing; subcontracting
business owner; entrepreneur
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; METI
painting (as a profession); being a painter; achievements as a painter; one's works
multinational corporation; transnational corporation
literary profession; writing
building industry; construction industry; building trade
construction industry; construction business
general (civil engineering and construction) contractor
defense contractor; defence contractor; defense industry; defence industry
business diary; job sheet; operational record; logbook
legitimate occupation; honest business
childcare leave; leave taken after the compulsory maternity leave
promotion of industry; encouragement of new industry
employment agency; placement agency; labour exchange; labor exchange
tourism industry; tourist industry
company that treats its employees well; company supporting a good work-life balance
industrialization; industrialisation; commercialization
commercial and industrial men
social work; social project; social enterprise; social welfare service
business restructuring; business reformation; business revolution
medium-sized enterprise (business, firm)
television industry; television business
industrialized nation; industrialised nation
commercial vehicle (taxi, bus, truck, etc.)
misdeed; wrongdoing; wickedness
(a business) open all night
personal business; sole proprietorship
Public Employment Security Office
supplier; provider; vendor
industrial association; industrial guild
corporate activities; business operations
brewing; distilling; wine-making
mining rights; mining concession; mineral rights
large conglomerate; large group of related companies
commercial area; business district
commercialization; commercialisation
(encouragement of) industry
corporate headquarters; (company) group
real estate world; property market
industrial area; industrial district; industrial zone
research for a graduation thesis; graduation thesis work; graduation research project
importer; import merchant (trader); importing firm
forcible obstruction of business; obstructing business by force
management (of corporate affairs); business execution; administration of business matters
foreign business; foreign enterprise; foreign corporation
industrialization; industrialisation
technical college or institute
professional negligence resulting in death
sabotage; slow-down tactics
local industry; traditional local industry
telecommunications carrier; PTT
collecting bodies (of casualties, etc.); recovering bodies
National Space Development Agency; NASDA
industrial science and technology; industrial techniques
temporary personnel business; temporary personnel agency; temporary help business
general affairs department (e.g. in a company); operations department
agricultural machinery; farm machinery
the (civil engineering and) construction industry
waste management (garbage collection) industry
automotive industry; motor vehicle industry
trade association; craft; guild
Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry
shady dealings; illicit business; underground business
on-site work; work-site operations
Cultural Affairs Department
postal service; post service
poor academic performance; underachievement
restoration; restoration (restorative) work
sanitation worker; garbage collector; refuse collector; street cleaner
sunset industry; declining industry
operating expenses; operating cost
agricultural experiment station
temporary suspension (of business); brief shutdown
major agricultural country; agricultural power; agripower
Japanese company active abroad; company partly funded by Japanese nationals
corporate vision; corporate philosophy; philosophy of business; corporate ethos; corporate mission
professional education; vocational training
business operator; entrepreneur
businesses offering food and entertainment; cabaret, club, gambling and restaurant businesses; sex industry; sex-related businesses
samurai drill; knight errantry
household or cottage industry
the three entertainment district enterprises: eating houses, geisha houses, meeting places for assignations, etc.
no overtime day; day which employees are not allowed to work overtime
weaving industry; textile industry
domestic handicraft industry
corporate reconstruction; corporate rejuvenation; corporate revitalization; corporate revival
specialty school graduate
villa; another line of work
foreign company; overseas enterprise; overseas firm
mining and manufacturing industry
working group; task force
agricultural revolution; agrarian revolution
global company; global corporation; multinational company
stock-farming; cattle breeding
one-man business; sole proprietorship; owner-managed enterprise
garbage man; garbage collector
professional occupation; professional practice
related industries; associated industries
(world of the) construction industry
wholesale supermarket; supermarket catering to businesses
front company (for an organized crime operation)
ceramics; ceramic industry
general practitioner in private practice; primary care physician (US); GP
industrial company; business firm
management task; management function
countermeasures against unemployment; relief measures for the unemployed
primary business; primary function; primary focus
commercialization; commercialisation
business improvement order
industrial or business world
heavy and chemical industries
mothering; job of being a mother
earnings forecast (outlook, projection)
nature of business; business operations
monopoly business, enterprise
closing of a business or enterprise
aerial work platform; elevating work platform; boom lift; bucket truck; cherry picker
part-time mom; working mother
customer relations; serving (helping, attending to, waiting on) customers
(professional) negligence
workplace; office; factory
(for) commercial purpose; business goal
environmental business; environment business; environmental program
face-to-face lesson; face-to-face class
a field worker; outside worker
loss-making corporation; money-losing enterprise; lossmaker
employment rate; percentage of employment
mail service; postal service
research results; research record; research achievement
the poultry industry; poultry farming
precarious trade; unstable occupation; itinerant trade
popular occupation; occupation largely dependent on public favor
public utilities; public enterprise; public service
monopolistic enterprise; monopoly
professional negligence resulting in injury or death
industrial waste treatment plant
graduation certificate; diploma; testamur
salesperson; sales personnel; sales representative
lumbering (sawing) industry
outsourcing agreement; operating agreement; subcontracting arrangement
wholesale business; wholesale trade
government-run enterprise
person skilled (in the art of doing something)
restaurant industry; dining-out industry
business activities; business conduct; business operations
worker; employee; person being employed
general (civil engineering and construction) contractor
fishery cooperative association; fisherman's cooperative association
unemployed laborer; unemployed worker
classified telephone directory
head of business department
industrial waste disposal facility; wastes treatment facility
industrial standard; engineering standard
oil industry; petroleum industry
curtailment of operations
the flour(-milling) industry
agricultural facility; agricultural implement
industry law; law regulating a certain industry; (arch.) work one is obligated to carry out
intellectual occupation; intellectual profession; learned profession
tree-planting program; tree-planting programme
business items; items of business; available services; business line
broker; middleman; employment agency
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
UN Food and Agriculture Organization (Organisation); FAO
higher commercial school (pre-WWII); commercial college
industrial fair or exposition
the translation profession
making a living in the red-light district
senior executives; corporate management
owner-operator company; corporation in which the business manager is also the major stockholder
corporate earnings; corporate performance
corporate earnings; corporate profits
business started by an ancestor; inherited business
stage career; acting career
Japan Industrial Standards; JIS
social welfare service; social services; social work
advertising agency business
expected overtime (stipulated as a specific number of hours)
length of the course of study
state-owned enterprise; SOE
review work; study; investigation
marine industries; maritime industry
brokerage; commission agency
sole proprietor; one-man business; self-employed
program review; budget screening; review and prioritization of government programs
earnings estimates (forecast, outlook, projection)
commercial bill; commercial paper; CP
unlisted company (on a stock exchange)
voluntary liquidation; voluntary closure (of business)
Japanese Industrial Standards; JIS
total operating expenses; total project cost; general expenses
business items; description of business; line of business
at-home overtime; time spent on work one brings home
industrial output; industrial production
licensed red-light quarters
Small and Medium Enterprise Management Consultant
operating under reduced business hours
corporate character; corporate culture; corporate philosophy
enterprise union; company union; in-house union
processing service; processing work
parenting; being a parent; child-rearing; child-raising
fixed task; scheduled task
industrial reserve force; the ranks of the unemployed
application form for business permit; business permit application form
service industry; service sector
general affairs section (e.g. in a company); operations division
transfer of business; business transfer
mission-critical task; business-critical matter
grassroots sales; door-to-door marketing
business competition; corporate competition
experimental forestry station
Public Employment Security Office; PESO
mobile network operator; MNO; wireless service provider; mobile network carrier
company consisting of autonomous divisions
independent power producer; IPP
separation of medical and dispensary practice
telecommunications carrier; PTT
Minister of International Trade and Industry
temporary worker; seasonal worker; worker with a fixed term contract of employment
tree-planting program; tree-planting programme
industrial revival or recovery
joint venture; consortium; JV
industrial production index; IPI
industrial union (one relating to a specific industry or occupation); vertical union
public or government corporation
telecommunications enterprise; communications corporation
basic allowance of child care leave benefits
Certificate for Students Achieving the Proficiency Level of Upper Secondary School Graduates; Japanese high-school equivalency examination
international service; international affairs
construction camp; bunkhouse; workers' living quarters
sex entertainment industry
Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry
(rights to) industrial property
agricultural economics; agronomics
industrial standardization law
occupational group; professional group; occupational cohort
agriculture in urban areas
railroad (bus) lines (routes) in operation; business plan (policy)
precision machinery industry
fishing zone; fishery waters
curtailment of business operations
working kilometre (unit used for calculating rail fares); operating kilometer
unicorn (privately held startup company valued at over US$1 billion)
graduation concert (school, etc.); farewell concert for a group or band member
staple product of an industry; core product
spinning and weaving industry; textile industry
the porcelain or ceramics industry
business zone (e.g. for taxis, buses, etc.); business domain; sales route
pharmaceutical industry; medicine industry
Japan International Cooperation Agency (1974); JICA
(former) Ministry of International Trade and Industry (now Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry); MITI
inter-location; inter-company; inter-office
telecommunications carrier; telecommunications operator; telephone service provider
layoff allowance; closure allowance
special-purpose entity; SPE
Second Section company (on the Tokyo Stock Exchange)
international division of labor; international division of labour; international specialization
application-oriented language
vertical international specialization (specialisation)
mobile virtual network operator; MVNO
general contractor; main contractor
mobile virtual network operator; MVNO
business cooperative; business cooperative association
current working directory
division of administrative responsibilities
long distance telephone company
division of labor by gender role
debtor-in-possession financing
travel agent; reseller (of tour packages, etc.)
entertainment quarters (food and geisha)
CAP; Competitive Access Provider
(working) overtime to make ends meet (to support one's lifestyle)
business organization; business corporation; businessmen's body
interindustry relations analysis
settlement work; social work; welfare work
business entity; accounting entity
Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering; FATF
bulk loading safety officer
Internet service provider; ISP
limited liability partnership; limited liability business partnership; LLP
our (the present) business office
online dating company; online dating service provider
unavoidably; necessarily; inevitably
fiscal year; financial year
welfare workshop; collaborative workshop
business development skills school
business continuity plan; BCP
working-storage section (COBOL)
nonprofit (noncommercial) business
industrialized countries; industrialised countries
advanced industrial nation
business skill development school for handicapped people
Local Public Enterprise Act
synthetic chemical industry
honor graduate; honours graduate
bodily injury caused by negligence in the conduct of business; accidental infliction of injury in the conduct of business
capital-intensive industry
limited liability investment partnership
social business; social enterprise
enterprise union; company union; in-house union
post-coordinated indexing
craft union; horizontal union
consolidator (shipping, freight, etc.)
selling to traders; wholesaling; trade sales
corporate legal office; corporate law office; corporate legal department
(business of) renting out one's home (on Airbnb, etc.)
postal service privatization
invention developed as a result of one's work
performance-based pay; achievement-based pay; payment linked to performance
agricultural geology; agrogeology
corporate social responsibility; CSR
offshore fishing industry
Enterprise Information Portal
authorized distributor; authorised distributor
slowdown strategy; go-slow tactics (of workers in a labor dispute)
Value-Added Reseller; VAR
commercial letter of credit
to be licensed to practice (e.g. law); to be allowed to open a business
business competitiveness; corporate competitiveness
Certificate for Students Achieving the Proficiency Level of Upper Secondary School Graduates; Japanese high-school equivalency examination
work(ing) space; work(ing) area
Web-Based Enterprise Management; WBEM
interindustry relations table; input-output table
robot for hazardous conditions
Ministry of International Trade and Industry
industrial experimental station; industrial research institute; industrial testing station
knowledge-intensive industry
enterprise information portal; EIP
neighborhood commercial zone
corporate risk management
manpower business; manpower agency
Public Corporation and Government Enterprise Labor Relations Law (1949)
agriculture, forestry and fishing industries training institute
three public corporations (Japan National Railways, Japan Monopoly Corporation, and Nippon Telegraph and Telephone) and five government enterprises (postal services, mintage, printing, management of state-owned forests/fields, and monopolization of alcohol)
diffusion index; DI; business sentiment index
corporate in-service training
Law Regulating Adult Entertainment Businesses (1948 act, replaced in 1984); Entertainment and Amusement Trades Control Law
sex establishment (as regulated by a specific Japanese law)
National Government Defrayment Act for Reconstruction of Disaster-Stricken Public Facilities
corporate accounting principles
labor-intensive industry; labour-intensive industry
light-industrial district; semi-industrial area
computer supported cooperative work; CSCW
application software program
prefectural agriculture experimental station
government agency providing public services; government agency involved in public enterprise
National Enterprise Labor Relations Law (1986)
Industry Standard Architecture; ISA
business guide; catalogue; document describing one's business
occupational hearing loss; occupational deafness
Extended Industry Standard Architecture; EISA
education-related industries
weaving industry; textile industry
flip teaching; flipped classroom
government agency providing public services; government agency involved in public enterprise
industry standard; industry norm
starting an enterprise and (or) carrying it to final success
trust business; trust operations; fiduciary work
key performance indicators; KPI
commercial correspondence
condition of industry, enterprise, etc.
business application; business-oriented software
meritocracy; performance-based system; achievement-based system
running a start-up company after work or on weekends
it is easy to start an enterprise but hard to maintain it
individual outsourcing agreement
fishery inspection boat; fishery patrol boat
labour intensive industry
privatized business; privatised business
one's views on occupations (careers, jobs, etc.)
business transfer agreement
Deutsche Institut fuer Normung; DIN
urban farming; urban agriculture
business confidence; business sentiment; corporate sentiment
zombie company; corporate zombie
enterprise portal; enterprise information portal; EIP
Short-Term Economic Survey of Enterprises in Japan (Bank of Japan's quarterly economic survey); Tankan survey
poetic achievements; poetic works; act of writing poetry
support services agreement contract
supporting industries; component and parts-supply industries
selling to traders; wholesaling; trade sales
this business; this profession
great deed; great undertaking
enterprise resource planning; ERP
infant-industry argument; theory of infant-industry protection
nonmanufacturing industry; nonmanufacturing sector
horticultural agriculture
farming complemented by raising livestock
front company; shell corporation
ghost fishing (entangling of marine life by lost or abandoned fishing gear)
managed forest; managed woodland
performance-based pay; payment by results
agricultural and fishing industries
township and village enterprises (in China); TVE
restaurants and geisha establishments
ambition (in studies or work); ambitious undertaking