period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
charge; cost; generation; age; era; a representative of; on behalf of
representative; representation; delegation; switchboard number; main number
present age; present day; today; modern era; modern times
ancient times; distant past; antiquity
generation; the world; the age
previous generation (e.g. one's parents); family predecessor; predecessor; previous age
compensation; indemnification; reparation; consideration
representation; agency; proxy; deputy; agent; attorney
for generations; hereditary; generation after generation
first generation; founder
price; cost; charge; payment; bill; fee
acting as agent; acting on (someone's) behalf; executing business for
local governor (Edo period); local magistrate; bailiff; deputy official (middle ages); acting administrator
the teens (10-19); teenage; the tenth generation
the same generation; coeval
nth generation; nth (person to occupy a position, e.g. president)
successive generations; successive emperors
present day; modern times; recent times; early modern period (in Japan, usu. from the Meiji Restoration until the end of World War II)
ancient time; age of the gods
speaking by proxy; speaking for (someone else); payment by proxy; compensation by proxy; acting for (someone else); carrying out (on someone's behalf)
unheard-of; unprecedented; unparalleled in history (unparallelled); record-breaking
substitute (e.g. actor); substitution; stand-in; double
proxy; agent; substitute; deputy; alternate; representative
Warring States period (of Japanese history, approx. 1467-1568 CE); Sengoku period; Warring States period (of Chinese history, 403-221 BCE); era of vicious competition
generation; lifetime; age
same generation; one's generation
representative; exemplary; model
historical play; period drama
the present age; these days; (present) head of the family
earnings from a part-time job
price; cost; charge; consideration (in a contract)
three generations; three periods; third generation
modern times; the modern age; this day and age
substitution; alternation; alternative; substitute
next generation; future generation
charge (e.g. admission, menu item); cost; price
second generation; second; junior
pronoun; synonym; classic example; pattern
uncommon; rare; extraordinary; matchless
Five Dynasties (of China; 907-979)
taking over (e.g. store or family's headship); subrogation; substitution of one person for another (usu. a creditor)
old-fashioned; behind the times; out-of-date; antiquated
modern person; people of today
once in a lifetime; the first and last occurrence (event, experience) of one's lifetime
the one before last; two generations, etc. previous
Japanese representative; Japanese delegate; Japanese delegation
ancestral; hereditary; generation after generation; passing from father to son
hotel charges (for lodging, not meals, etc.)
chamberlain; castle keeper
writing on someone's behalf
parliamentarian; member of a congress
ancient civilization; ancient civilisation
most important work (of a writer, artist, etc.); representative work; masterpiece
new era; new period; new age; new epoch
in all ages; over the ages; forever and ever
the same age; same period
modernization; modernisation
ancient Japanese (as spoken in Japan until the Middle Ages)
to be transmitted (handed down) from generation to generation
Jōmon period (ca. 14000-1000 BCE)
Kamakura period (1185-1333 CE)
spokesperson; speaker (for someone); mouthpiece; voice (e.g. for the ordinary citizen)
successive generations; hereditary daimyo (whose ancestors supported Tokugawa Ieyasu prior to the battle of Sekigahara)
trend of the times; way things are going
the ancients; ancient people
ancient script; ancient character; ancient alphabet
modern Japanese; current written style
one's youth; one's youthful days (years); the flower of one's youth; the springtime of one's life
cost of a meal (or meals)
alternation of generations
Muromachi period (1333-1573)
annals; chronicle; chronology
premodern; old-fashioned; outmoded; antiquated
previous generation; former ages
Taishō period (1912-1926); Taisho period
drink money; alcohol expenses; tip; gratuity
substitute article; back-up
acting shugo (Kamakura or Muromachi period military governor)
posterity; future generations
(one's) youth; one's younger days
Yayoi period (c. 300 BCE-300 CE)
child of the times; modern kid; kids of today; with-it youngster
advertising agency; advertising firm; advertising company
overtime pay; overtime money; overtime payment
representative director; managing director; president; someone chosen by the board of directors from among the directors to actually represent the company in its dealings with the outside world
present-day science; modern science
drink money; drinking money
modern language; contemporary language; living language; modern Japanese; Japanese as spoken since the Meiji period or alternatively, since the end of World War II
answer a roll call for another
Age of Discovery; Age of Exploration
Tokugawa period (i.e. the Edo period, 1603-1867)
Dynastic period (the Nara period and esp. the Heian period, characterized by the rule of the emperor as opposed to shogunate)
ancient times (e.g. Heian and Nara periods in Japan); remote ages; early history; (nominal) retail price
algebra; number of generations (e.g. in imperial succession)
proxy; agent; substitute; deputy; alternate; representative
modern man; modern person; modernist
transportation expenses; travel expenses; fare (train, taxi, etc.)
compensatory holiday (for working on a day off); time in lieu
modern translation; translation into modern language (of a classical text, e.g. The Tale of Genji)
telephone bill; telephone rate
cost of a ticket; price of a ticket
modern state; modern nation
generation of students educated under the "pressure-free" system (from the late 1970s onward)
in all ages; over the ages; forever and ever
glorious reign; enlightened era
deputy section or department manager
feudal era; feudal times; feudal period; feudal age; age of feudalism
president and chief executive officer
brigadier general; commodore
Nanbokuchō period (of Japan; 1336-1392); period of the Northern and Southern courts; period of the Northern and Southern dynasties (of China; 5th-6th c.)
the good old days; halcyon days
modern civilization; modern civilisation
old-fashioned; antiquated; anachronistic
antique; historical object; pre-Meiji period drama; period piece
modern Japanese (esp. as a school subject)
price of a flower; fee for a geisha's companionship
one's parents' generation
deputy manager; acting manager; acting section chief
thousands of years; eternity; all generations
gasoline (money); petrol (cost)
modern version; modern edition; updated, contemporary edition
Tang period (China; 618-907); Tang era
hereditary daimyo (whose ancestors supported Tokugawa Ieyasu prior to the battle of Sekigahara)
Asuka period (550-710 CE)
the n-th generation head of a family
Tenpyō period (esp. used as a period of art history, 710-794 CE)
doctor's assistance; doctor's assistant; locum tenens
Kofun period (of Japanese history, 250-538 CE); Tumulus period
(right of) representation; right to represent (e.g. a company)
contemporary literature; modern literature
background research; research into the period
Paleolithic; Palaeolithic; Old Stone Age
visiting a temple for another
Azuchi-Momoyama period (approx. 1558-1600)
Three Kingdoms period (of Chinese history, 220 CE-280 CE); Three Kingdoms period (of Korean history, 57 BCE-668 CE)
representing others in a conference
fee paid for space (e.g. for a stall)
carfare; cartage fee; honorarium
the modern era; present day
Shōwa period (1926-1989); Showa period
contemporary philosophy; modern thought
alternative means (alternate); alternative method
contemporary novel; modern novel
prehistoric era; prehistoric times; prehistory
modern civilization; modern world
a series of paperbacks published since 1964 by Kodansha
notary public; scribe; amanuensis
Han dynasty (China, 202 BCE-220 CE)
bubble era (of Japan; 1986-1991)
modern architecture; modernist architecture
the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period (Chinese history)
Ming dynasty (China, 1368-1644)
age determination; dating
Song dynasty (China, 960-1279); Sung dynasty
substitute; deputy; proxy; representative; agent
Ashikaga period (i.e. the Muromachi period, 1333-1573 CE)
Gempei period (late 11th century-late 12th century CE)
spirit of the age; zeitgeist
contemporary life; present-day life
contemporary art museum; museum of contemporary art
baby boom generation (of 1947-1949)
subrogation; substitution
charge d'affaires of embassy
substitute device; replacement aircraft
fee charged at a public bath
Momoyama period (latter half of the Azuchi-Momoyama period, approx. 1583-1600)
Spring and Autumn period (of Chinese history, approx. 770-403 BCE)
modern art museum; museum of modern art
loaner vehicle (e.g. from a garage which is repairing one's vehicle)
performing as a substitute; standing in (for)
the eighties (age, years, etc.)
the babyboomers; the baby boom generation
Heisei period (January 8, 1989-April 30, 2019)
Fujiwara period (esp. used as a period of art history, approx. 894-1185 CE)
the shogunate period; the days of the shogunate regime
pettifogging lawyer; unscrupulous or unethical lawyer; shyster; casuist; sophist
word of recent origin; neologism; recent word; modern term
Festival of the Ages (held at Heian Jingu Shrine in Kyoto on October 22); Jidai Festival
modern kana orthography (1946 reform, amended 1986); new kana orthography
feudal period (characterized by the rule of the shogunate, 1185-1867); age of militarist government
proceeds from sale; receipts
Archaeozoic (Archeozoic) Era
to change hands; to be succeeded
taking turns; relieving the guard
division of history into periods; periodization (in history)
magnificent imperial reign
chargé d'affaires; chargé
modern music; contemporary music
substitute lecturing; substitute lecturer
proportional representation
ancient rice varieties; wild rice
working generation; people still working
modernization; modernisation
phases of the age (times)
generation after generation; (for) generations to come
modern poetry; modern-style poetry
statutory representative; legal representative
parishioner representative
advocacy; pleading by proxy; speaking for another; attorney
historical times; historical period
modern history; modern and current history; recent history; recent contemporary history
ancient Japanese characters (regarded today as created at a much more recent date)
modern disease; disease of our time
sensitivity to the times; sense of the times
agency; (attorney's) authority of representation
Hakuho period (esp. used as a period of art history, approx. 645-710 CE)
proportional representation
money to see one over the New Year period
main (switchboard) number; main telephone (phone) number
geological age; geological era
modern drama; modern theater
representative of a board of directors; spokesperson for a board of directors
characteristics of an age
acting leader (usu. of a party)
Yoshino period (Japan's Northern and Southern Courts period, esp. from the viewpoint of the legitimacy of the Southern Court, 1336-1392 CE)
Jōgan period (of art history, 859-877 CE)
fee paid for the services of a geisha or prostitute
enlightened generation; millennial generation lacking ambition and material desire
lignitized Japanese cedar; lignitised Japanese cedar
Keien period (between the end of the Russo- Japanese War and the Taisho Political Crisis, approx. 1905-1912)
Tanuma period (1767-1786 CE)
modern Japanese (as spoken in Japan after the Middle Ages); Meiji and Taishō period modern Japanese
current (present-day) English
payment (for labour); pay; charge; wages
Collections of the Twenty-One Eras; twenty-one collections of waka compiled by imperial command (early Heian to early Muromachi)
Yoshino period (Japan's Northern and Southern Courts period, esp. from the viewpoint of the legitimacy of the Southern Court, 1336-1392 CE)
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (of China; 907-979)
police custody; police detention; substitute prison
being unsurpassed (unparalleled) at present
honeymoon period (e.g. between two countries)
non-substitutable; irreplaceable; unique; non-fungible
Sandai Jitsuroku (sixth of the six classical Japanese history texts)
(mobile broadband) data cost
meat substitute; meat analogue; cheaper meat used in place of beef or pork
money brought to a funeral; incense money; fee for a geisha's time
execution by proxy; subrogation (of administrative acts)
F1 hybrid; first filial hybrid; first cross
not up with the times; out of touch
Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku (sixth of the six classical Japanese history texts)
one's dark days; the period during which one suffered misfortune and obscurity
Han dynasty (China, 202 BCE-220 CE)
Higashiyama period (cultural and artistic period of the mid-Muromachi)
to squander one's fortunes
lady's pin money; cosmetics expense
assisting town official (Edo period)
Great Interregnum (gap between Hohenstaufen and Habsburg rule of the Holy Roman Empire, approx. 1254-1273 CE)
Rashidun period (the period of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, 632-661 CE)
Ritsuryo period (mid 7th-10th centuries CE)
representativeness; (level of) representation
expenses for rent of space, land, etc.
representative government
era in which university places outnumber university applicants; era of declining enrollment
deputy estate steward; deputy jitō
advertising agency business
payment for another; payment by proxy; paying in kind; paying with a substitute
Ancient Egyptian (language)
Qing dynasty (China, 1644-1912); Ch'ing dynasty; Manchu dynasty
The Chronicles (books of the Bible)
new money; nouveau riche; person who has amassed substantial wealth in his lifetime
Yamato period (300-550 CE)
Ōgosho period (between the Kansei Reforms and the Tempo Reforms, approx. 1787-1843)
administrative subrogation
current era of excessive eating; era in which there is more than enough food; age of plenty; age of plentiful food
Azuchi period (first half of the Azuchi-Momoyama period, 1568-1582)
Suiko period (i.e. the Asuka period, esp. under the reign of Empress Suiko, approx. 592-628 CE)
Shokuhō period (i.e. the Azuchi-Momoyama period, approx. 1568-1600)
age determination method; dating technique
modern and contemporary art
museum of modern literature
Modern Monetary Theory; Modern Money Theory; neo-chartalism
substitute fish; using an alternative fish variety instead of a traditional one
abstract algebra; modern algebra
decade (of age); the ...ties
meat substitute; meat analogue; fake meat
eternity; through all eternity; for evermore; for many generations to come
Russian false yellow lupine (Thermopsis lupinoides)
assignment operator; substitution operator
once in an emperor's reign; event that takes place only once in a sovereign's reign
the worthy will be remembered; (lit.) humans (last) one generation; names (last) forever
ancient language; ancient word; Old Japanese; Japanese as spoken from the end of the 6th century to the end of the Nara period
intergenerational (social) exchange
being unsurpassed (unparalleled) at present
generation of young people (esp. of the 1970s) apathetic about social issues
Bunka-Bunsei period (approx. 1804-1830 CE)
conference of representatives
intergenerational; of different generations
Fifth Generation Computer System; FGCS
Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties period (China, 220-589 CE)
generation comprising those who were children during WW2 (in Japan)
electoral system comprised of single-seat constituencies and proportionally represented multiple-seat constituencies
contemporary dance; modern dance
generation ship (science fiction); interstellar ark
goodwill; intangible assets (part of the acquisition price of a business paid for the name and reputation of the company rather than tangible assets)
grand kagura performance at Ise; type of performance including the lion dance and juggling; Camellia japonica 'Daikagura' (cultivar of Japanese camellia)
curtained sleeping platform in shinden-style residences (used by people of high rank)
praying by proxy; applying by proxy
waiting in place of someone else
substitute kanji; jōyō kanji used in place of a non-jōyō kanji
National People's Congress (of the People's Republic of China); NPC
one who offers prayer in place of another
period in the sixth and seventh centuries prior to the Taika reform
National People's Congress (of the People's Republic of China); NPC
special coaching stock awarded to retired grand champion
head steward (of an estate)
fourth generation language; 4GL
this world (life) and the next; eternity
Amarna period (of Egyptian history)
better to ask and be embarrassed than not ask and never know
era of Japanese imperialism (esp. Korea)
Mesolithic; Middle Stone Age
mail-order department; branch store
maritime judicial scrivener; marine procedure commission agent
cursive kanji form used as a syllabary (Heian period); ancient kana
algebraic variety; locus defined by polynomial equations
to move along with the times
better to ask and be embarrassed than not ask and never know
originator requested alternate recipient
travel agent; reseller (of tour packages, etc.)
pre-Jomon period (i.e. the preceramic period)
to be up-to-date; to be relevant; to respond to the times
alternate recipient allowed
Chronicles I (book of the Bible)
better to ask and be embarrassed than not ask and never know
chargé d'affaires ad interim; acting chargé d'affaires
linear algebra; matrix algebra
alternate recipient assignment
era at the end of 1970s dominated by grand champion Wajima and ozeki Takanohana
algebraically closed field
era during mid-1990s dominated by grand champions Akebono and Takanohana II
defined assignment statement
compensatory holiday (for working on a day off)
legal representative; legal guardian
Copper Age (period in which metal tools started to be used alongside stone tools)
protohistory (the period between prehistory and history)
post-Jōmon period (mainly Hokkaido; 3rd to 7th century BC); epi-Jōmon period
receiving agent services; over the counter payment accepted through convenience stores
Metal Age (i.e. the Bronze Age and the Iron Age)
era at the turn of 1960s into 70s dominated by grand champions Kitanofuji and Tamanoumi
Chalcolithic period (i.e. the Copper Period)
era during the 1950s dominated by grand champions Tochinishiki and Wakanohana I
era during mid-1970s dominated by grand champions Wajima and Kitanoumi
adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer
special kana usage rules (Nara period)
five generations of earthly deities
representative office (e.g. diplomatic)
era during 1960s dominated by grand champions Taiho and Kashiwado
company president, with responsibility to represent the company in its dealings with the outside world
thumb tribe; thumb generation; people who are constantly typing on their phones with their thumbs
era during early 1900s dominated by the grand champions Hitachiyama and Umegatani II
relative generation number
proxy application company
alternate reality game; ARG
next-generation mobile phone
Chronicles II (book of the Bible)
payment in substitutes; accord and satisfaction; substitute performance
(mobile broadband) data cost
relation algebra; relational algebra
seven generations of celestial deities
Kōnin-Jōgan period (of Japanese art history, approx. 794-894 CE)
radiocarbon dating; carbon-14 dating
representative of Gifu and Mie prefectures
gendaika; modern, non-traditional school of ikebana
vocational representation system
pension replacement rate; income substitution rate (of the public pension)
points awarded for scoring combinations
reflexive pronoun (in Japanese grammar only)
reflexive pronoun (in Japanese grammar only)
collateral securities; substitute securities
substitute kanji; jōyō kanji used in place of a non-jōyō kanji
alternate track; alternative track
alternate path; alternative path
car running on substitute fuel
proportional representation system in which votes are cast for a publicly available list of party members or for individual members of that list
Archaeozoic (Archeozoic) Era
collateral securities; substitute securities
shelf space rent; shelf space fee
proportional representation electoral system (in which party votes are cast, and candidates from each party are elected based on an ordered list available to the public)
ancient times; times of old; time long since passed
representative government
proportional representation system in which both party and individual votes are cast, seats are distributed amongst parties by proportion of vote obtained, and candidates are elected in descending order of number of votes obtained
subrogation; subrogated performance; payment in subrogation
quid pro quo sexual harassment
houseleek (any plant species of genus Sempervivum)