indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
ear; hearing; edge; crust; selvedge (non-fray machined edge of fabrics); selvage
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
in this way; thus; such; uh...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
earpick; ear cleaning (with an earpick)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to stroke; to caress; to brush gently; to comb (hair); to smooth down
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
good feeling; feeling good
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold