order; ordering; beginning; start; foreword; preface
Tokugawa period (i.e. the Edo period, 1603-1867)
in; at; on; as for; regarding; with regards to
Christianity (in feudal Japan); Christian
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; operation; moving picture
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
other than; except for; aside from; apart from; save for
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
missionary work; proselytizing; preaching; evangelism
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
the other day; lately; recently; meanwhile; in the meantime
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
by means of; due to; because of; according to
corresponding to (in meaning, function, etc.); being equivalent to; appropriate; suitable; to be proportionate to; to be in keeping with
success; achievement; succeeding (in life); (worldly) success; prosperity
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively; extreme
ordinary; common; free of charge; free; unaffected; as is
government; administration; ministry
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
people (of a country); nation; citizen; Democratic Party for the People
towards; against; regarding; in contrast with
cool; indifferent; apathetic; cold; cold-hearted; heartless
very; greatly; extremely; exceedingly; highly; quite
national polity; National Athletic Meet
to run counter to; to go against; to disobey; to infringe
is something that; is that which
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
open; public; official; overt
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
rejection; expulsion; boycott; ostracism
existence; possession; having; limited company
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
few; little; small (amount); low; scarce; insufficient