Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
letter; missive; note; mail
suffix for familiar person
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
to borrow; to have a loan; to rent; to hire
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be (in contrast to something that is not the case)
in that way; thus; so; so?
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates supposition; if ... then; when; (typically after someone's name) indicates exasperation
of course; certainly; naturally
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
no!; no no!; no, not at all
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
interval; period of time; among; between; good opportunity; chance
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; motivation; intention
retainer; attendant; escort
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude