treatment; reception; service; working conditions; salary; pay
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
transfer (trains, buses, etc.); change; switch (to another ideology, party, system, method, etc.); change; switching (stock); chromosomal crossover
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
while; during; while; although; all; both
consequence; outcome; result; blame
to look up (at); to look up to; to respect; to ask for (e.g. guidance); to seek; to depend on
(those) who are; (that) which is; in the capacity of
half; semi-; half-past; odd number; (arch.) unit of land area (595.8 m^2)
year; age; years; past one's prime; old age
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
ability; gift; talent; sai; traditional unit of volume, approx. 1.8 ml
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
end; final; end of life; death; never; not at all
just (now); quite (near); unintentionally; subconsciously
finding employment; getting a job
breaking through; breakthrough; surmounting; overcoming; exceeding; passing
to work (for); to be employed (at); to serve (as); to act (as); to conduct a religious service
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
exactly; precisely; just; as if; as though; quite
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
being absorbed in; losing oneself in; losing control of oneself
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
office worker; company employee; company man; salaryman (stereotypical Japanese office worker)
as (for); for; in the capacity of
literally; to the letter; literal
it hasn't been long since
satisfaction; pride; one's strong point; one's forte; regular customer; regular client
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you