one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
origin; beginning; genesis; primeval; primordial; primitive
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
year; age; years; past one's prime; old age
to pass; to elapse; to pass through; to go through; to experience; to go through
sense; idea; desire; concern; attention; care
honorific/polite/humble prefix
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
different school (e.g. of ikebana)
to rise; to swell; to be promoted
habit; (social) custom; practice; convention
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be angry; to resent; to be enraged; to be indignant
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
sleep; sleeping; inactivity; death
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
again; once more; a second time
wildness (plants, animals, etc.); uncouth; rough; unpolished
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
back; backing; going backwards; background; backdrop; backhand; backer
dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); squealer; rat; loser; asshole; counterfeit
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
middle; centre; center; midpoint; heart
indicates two contrasting actions; (arch.) indicates possessive (often found in place names and compound words)
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
Washington, DC (United States); Washington (US state)
state (US, Australia, India, Germany, etc.); province (e.g. Canada); continent; (arch.) dear
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly